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ENCE 254Bachelor in Civil Engineering · Semester 42 Papers Available

Water Supply Engineering

Past examination question papers and complete curriculum syllabus for Water Supply Engineering (ENCE 254), Bachelor in Civil Engineering Semester 4 under Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University.

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4th-sem_Water Supply Engineering.pdf

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Most Frequently Asked Questions

Top recurring IOE board exam questions for Water Supply Engineering with verified mark schemes, formula notation, and recurrence frequency.

Showing 30 of 30 top repeated questions

Introduction

2 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Introduction
Define water supply system and wholesome water. List the objectives of a public water supply system and sketch the layout with key components of water supply systems suitable for hilly and Terai regions of Nepal.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra2075 Chaitra
#2Repeated 4 Times[4 Marks]Introduction
Explain the importance of understanding water-borne and water-washed disease transmission routes (the F-diagram: feces, fluids, fingers, flies, fields, and food) with illustrative examples.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2080 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2076 Ashwin

Water Quality Aspects

2 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Water Quality Aspects
List the physical, chemical, and biological quality parameters of potable water according to Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) and WHO guidelines. Describe the E. coli coliform detection test using the multiple-tube fermentation technique (Most Probable Number - MPN).
Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2080 Bhadra2078 Kartik2076 Ashwin2074
#2Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Water Quality Aspects
A raw water sample contains total hardness of 180 mg/l and carbonate hardness of 80 mg/l as CaCO3. Differentiate between carbonate (temporary) and non-carbonate (permanent) hardness, alkalinity, and calculate their concentrations.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2079 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2075 Ashwin

Quantity of Water

4 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Quantity of Water
What are the components of municipal water demand? Explain design period and factors governing its selection. Given population census data of a town, forecast the population after two decades using: (i) Arithmetical increase method, (ii) Geometrical increase method, and (iii) Incremental increase method, and compute the total daily design water demand.
Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2080 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2076 Ashwin2075 Chaitra
#2Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Quantity of Water
Information and data obtained from a baseline survey of a village in year 2082: Population = 3000, day scholar students = 250, big animals = 250, small animals = 500. There are 3 government offices, 1 clinic, and 3 tea shops. Calculate the daily water demand of the village in the design year with a base period of 3 years and design period of 20 years, assuming a population growth rate of 2% per annum.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2080 Baishakh2078 Kartik2074
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Quantity of Water
Explain population forecasting methods: Arithmetical Increase, Geometrical Increase, Incremental Increase, and Decreasing Growth Rate methods. Compare their suitability for old vs young developing towns.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2079 Chaitra
#4Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Quantity of Water
Explain fire demand and different empirical formulas (Kuichling's, Freeman's, National Board of Fire Underwriters, and Boston formulas) for estimating municipal fire water demand.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh

Selection of sources: Technical and legal considerations

4 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Selection of sources: Technical and legal considerations
Under what hydrogeological circumstances are springs formed? With the help of neat sketches, describe the construction of an infiltration gallery and a gravity spring intake structure in rural hilly terrain.
Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra2076 Ashwin2075 Ashwin
#2Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Selection of sources: Technical and legal considerations
Derive the Dupuit-Thiem equilibrium formula for steady radial discharge from a fully penetrating tube well in: (i) an unconfined aquifer, and (ii) a confined artesian aquifer.
Appeared in:2080 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2076 Ashwin20742072
#3Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Selection of sources: Technical and legal considerations
Compare surface water sources (rivers, lakes, reservoirs) and groundwater sources (wells, springs, infiltration galleries) in terms of yield reliability, raw water quality, and cost of development.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Selection of sources: Technical and legal considerations
Explain the design and construction of Infiltration Galleries and Infiltration Wells for extracting sub-surface groundwater along river beds.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Chaitra2079 Baishakh

Intakes

2 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Intakes
Define an intake structure and state its site selection criteria. Distinguish between dry and wet intake towers. Describe the river intake and canal intake with neat sketches.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2080 Bhadra2078 Kartik2075 Chaitra
#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Intakes
Describe River Intake, Reservoir Intake, and Canal Intake with neat schematic diagrams. Discuss considerations for screen design and prevention of silt entry.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Baishakh2078 Chaitra

Treatment of Water

8 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Treatment of Water
A city has a design population of 70,000 with a water allowance of 110 lpcd. Design a horizontal flow rectangular sedimentation tank for the effective removal of 0.03 mm sand particles of specific gravity 2.65 in water at 20°C. Take length as twice the width and detention time as 2 hours.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra2075 Ashwin
#2Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Treatment of Water
Compare Slow Sand Filters (SSF) and Rapid Sand Gravity Filters (RSF) with respect to filtration rate, effective sand size, underdrainage system, cleaning method, loss of head, and bacterial removal efficiency.
Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2080 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2076 Ashwin2074
#3Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Treatment of Water
Explain break-point chlorination and super-chlorination with a neat residual chlorine curve. Determine the quantity of chlorine and bleaching powder (containing 35% available chlorine) required per day to treat 5 MLD of water with a chlorine demand of 1.8 ppm and residual chlorine of 0.2 ppm.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2079 Bhadra2078 Kartik2075 Chaitra
#4Repeated 4 Times[6 Marks]Treatment of Water
Explain the methods of water softening: (i) Lime-soda process, and (ii) Zeolite (ion-exchange) process with balanced chemical equations.
Appeared in:2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra2076 Ashwin2073
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Treatment of Water
Explain the principle of Plain Sedimentation and Sedimentation with Coagulation. Describe the mechanisms of coagulation-flocculation (charge neutralization, sweep coagulation, inter-particle bridging).
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#6Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Treatment of Water
Design a rectangular horizontal flow sedimentation tank to treat $4.5\text{ MLD}$ of water with an overflow rate of $30\text{ m}^3/\text{m}^2/\text{day}$ and a detention period of 3.5 hours. Check the weir loading rate.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2077 Chaitra
#7Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Treatment of Water
Explain the backwashing process of a Rapid Sand Filter. Calculate the quantity and rate of washwater required, bed expansion ($L_e/L$), and washwater trough dimensions.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2075 Bhadra
#8Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Treatment of Water
Explain disinfection of water using chlorine gas, bleaching powder, chloramines, and ozone. Define residual chlorine, chlorine demand, and contact time ($C \times t$ concept).
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2078 Chaitra

Reservoirs and Distribution System

5 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Reservoirs and Distribution System
What is a service reservoir (balancing reservoir)? Explain the determination of required reservoir storage capacity using the Mass Curve (Rippl's curve) method for variable hourly consumer demand and uniform continuous pumping.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2080 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2075 Ashwin
#2Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Reservoirs and Distribution System
Compare the four layout systems of water distribution networks: Dead-end (tree) system, Gridiron system, Circular (ring) system, and Radial system, with neat sketches, advantages, and limitations.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra2076 Ashwin2074
#3Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Reservoirs and Distribution System
Describe the Hardy Cross method for the hydraulic pipe network analysis of looped water distribution systems. Write down the head-loss and flow-correction equations.
Appeared in:2080 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2076 Ashwin20742072
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Reservoirs and Distribution System
Explain the Mass Curve method for determining the required storage capacity of an equalization/distribution reservoir from given inflow and pumping schedules.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2076 Bhadra
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Reservoirs and Distribution System
Explain the Equivalent Pipe method and Hardy Cross loop balancing method for solving complex looped water distribution pipe networks. Write the iterative head-loss correction formula $\Delta Q = -\frac{\sum r Q_0^n}{n \sum r Q_0^{n-1}}$.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Chaitra2078 Bhadra

Mode of conveyance: Open channel and pressure flow

3 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Mode of conveyance: Open channel and pressure flow
Explain the functions, installation locations, and working principles of pipe appurtenances: (i) Sluice valve, (ii) Air relief valve, (iii) Scour (blow-off) valve, (iv) Reflux (check) valve, and (v) Public standpost (tap stand). Compare HDPE, GI, and Ductile Iron (DI) pipes.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra2075 Chaitra
#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mode of conveyance: Open channel and pressure flow
What is water hammer in pressure conveyance pipes? Derive expressions for water hammer pressure head in rigid and elastic pipes due to instantaneous and gradual closure of valves.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra
#3Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Mode of conveyance: Open channel and pressure flow
Compare the different types of pipe materials used in water supply (Ductile Iron, Cast Iron, Galvanized Iron, HDPE, and PVC pipes) with respect to corrosion resistance, jointing, and working pressure.
Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2079 Baishakh2077 Magh

Curriculum Syllabus & Course Topics

Sourced from TU curriculum portal
Full Syllabus (PDF)
Chapter-wise Units & Micro-Syllabus Topics (8 Units)

  1. 1. Introduction

  2. 2. Water Quality Aspects

  3. 3. Quantity of Water

  4. 4. Selection of sources: Technical and legal considerations

  5. 5. Intakes

  6. 6. Treatment of Water

  7. 7. Reservoirs and Distribution System

  8. 8. Mode of conveyance: Open channel and pressure flow

    2

Examination Scheme & Marks Distribution

Evaluation Structure

  • Final Board Theory Exam: 60 Marks (Pass mark: 24)
  • Internal Assessment: 40 Marks (Pass mark: 16)
  • Practical / Lab Exam: 25 or 50 Marks (Continuous lab evaluation + viva, where applicable)

* This is the general current IOE 60/40 scheme; verify course-specific details in the syllabus above.

Exam Preparation Guidelines

  • Review the 2 available past examination papers to identify recurring patterns, core problem types, and chapter weightage.
  • Cross-reference key answers with official syllabus units, standard textbooks, and lecture notes.
  • Structure answers with labeled diagrams, concise bullet points, and highlight final answers in numerical solutions.

Frequently Asked Questions (Water Supply Engineering)

Q: How can I download Water Supply Engineering past question papers?

You can preview or download the Water Supply Engineering question papers (PDF) directly using the built-in viewer on this page with zero redirects or paywalls.

Q: What is the pass mark for Water Supply Engineering?

The general current scheme is a 60-mark final theory exam and a 40-mark internal assessment, with pass marks of 24 and 16. Verify the course-specific syllabus above.

Q: Where can I find the complete syllabus for this subject?

The available chapter-wise syllabus and topic breakdown is indexed in the Syllabus section above, with links to the curriculum PDF source.

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