ENCE 255Bachelor in Civil Engineering · Semester 43 Papers Available
Building Technology
Past examination question papers and complete curriculum syllabus for Building Technology (ENCE 255), Bachelor in Civil Engineering Semester 4 under Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University.
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Most Frequently Asked Questions
Top recurring IOE board exam questions for Building Technology with verified mark schemes, formula notation, and recurrence frequency.
Showing 30 of 30 top repeated questions
Introduction
1 Question
#1Repeated 4 Times[5 Marks]Introduction
Explain the classification of buildings based on occupancy and structural form as per the Nepal National Building Code (NBC), and discuss the general requirements for structural safety.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2079 Ashwin2076 Baisakh
Functional Requirement of Building
4 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[5 Marks]Functional Requirement of Building
What do you understand by orientation of a building? Explain the primary climatic and environmental factors to be considered for proper building orientation in different climatic zones of Nepal.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2075 Baisakh
#2Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Functional Requirement of Building
Explain the functional requirements of ventilation in buildings. Compare natural ventilation systems with mechanical ventilation systems, and describe the essentials of air-conditioning (HVAC).
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2082 Kartik2081 Chaitra2078 Poush2074 Bhadra
#3Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Functional Requirement of Building
Describe thermal insulation and acoustic design in buildings. What are the common acoustical defects in auditoriums and lecture halls, and explain methods of noise control and sound insulation.
Appeared in:2082 Kartik2081 Chaitra2079 Ashwin2076 Baisakh
#4Repeated 4 Times[5 Marks]Functional Requirement of Building
Explain fire protection and safety requirements in buildings. Describe fire-resisting construction, fire escape routes, fire-stop materials, and active fire fighting provisions.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2076 Bhadra2074 Bhadra
Sub-structure and Superstructure Works
8 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Sub-structure and Superstructure Works
Under what soil and site conditions are strap, combined, and raft footings preferred? Classify deep foundations (pile, pier, and well foundations) and describe common techniques for improving bearing capacity of weak soils.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2082 Kartik2081 Chaitra2078 Poush2075 Bhadra
#2Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Sub-structure and Superstructure Works
What is damp proofing? Explain positive and negative side waterproofing and describe the causes, effects, and methods of damp prevention (DPC) in foundation basements and superstructure walls.
Appeared in:2082 Kartik2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Ashwin2075 Baisakh
#3Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Sub-structure and Superstructure Works
Define cavity wall and draw a neat cross-sectional sketch. Explain how cavity walls provide thermal insulation, damp resistance, and sound proofing in building envelopes.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2074 Bhadra
#4Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Sub-structure and Superstructure Works
Explain English bond and Flemish bond in brick masonry with neat elevations and plans of alternate courses for 1-brick and 1.5-brick thick walls. Differentiate between arches and lintels.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2079 Ashwin2078 Chaitra2076 Baisakh2075 Bhadra
#5Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Sub-structure and Superstructure Works
Explain the excavation precautions in deep foundations and trench safety. Describe dewatering methods for building foundation pits: sump pumping, well-point systems, deep well systems, and vacuum dewatering.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2079 Chaitra
#6Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Sub-structure and Superstructure Works
What is underpinning in foundation engineering? Explain pit underpinning and pile underpinning methods, citing situations where underpinning is mandatory during adjacent excavations or structural retrofitting.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh
#7Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Sub-structure and Superstructure Works
Compare stone masonry and brick masonry. Describe random rubble (coursed and uncoursed) masonry and ashlar masonry with neat sketches, highlighting bond stones and through stones.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra
#8Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Sub-structure and Superstructure Works
Describe the construction procedure and types of partition walls: brick partition, hollow block partition, timber stud partition, plasterboard/drywall partition, and glass partition.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Chaitra2079 Baishakh
Building Components and services
11 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Building Components and services
Define the various technical elements of a pitched roof with a neat sketch (ridge, hip, valley, purlin, common rafter, eaves, and wall plate). Compare King Post and Queen Post timber roof trusses.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2082 Kartik2081 Chaitra2078 Poush2076 Bhadra
#2Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Building Components and services
Classify stairs: Doglegged, Open-well, Spiral, and Bifurcated stairs, stating their merits and demerits. Design a dog-legged/straight flight staircase for a residential building with a floor-to-floor height of 3 m, showing calculations for risers, treads, and landing dimensions.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2082 Kartik2081 Chaitra2079 Ashwin2075 Baisakh
#3Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Building Components and services
Explain the size, location, and functional requirements of doors and windows in buildings. Describe sliding doors, revolving doors, collapsible steel gates, and compare dormer windows with gable windows.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2082 Kartik2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2076 Baisakh
#4Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Building Components and services
Explain internal building drainage and plumbing systems in multi-story residential buildings. Differentiate between one-pipe and two-pipe plumbing systems, and explain the working of septic tanks and soak pits.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2076 Baisakh2073
#5Repeated 4 Times[6 Marks]Building Components and services
Describe the construction procedure, components, and performance of different types of floor finishes: Cement concrete flooring, Terrazzo flooring, Mosaic tile flooring, and Mud flooring.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2078 Poush2074 Bhadra
#6Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Building Components and services
Explain the technical design and dimensioning requirements of a dog-legged staircase for a public building (tread, rise, going, pitch, landing width, headroom, handrail height). Verify the relation $2R + T \approx 600\text{ mm}$.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2076 Chaitra2074 Bhadra
#7Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Building Components and services
Define lintels and arches. Compare the structural load transfer mechanism of a lintel versus an arch. Draw a neat sketch of a segmental brick arch labeling extrados, intrados, skewback, springer, keystone, and crown.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Baishakh2078 Chaitra
#8Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Building Components and services
Describe the types of flat roofs in RCC construction. Explain mud-phuska treatment, lime concrete terracing, and APP membrane waterproofing for flat RCC roofs in tropical/subtropical climates.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2077 Chaitra
#9Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Building Components and services
Explain plastering and pointing works. Compare 2-coat and 3-coat cement plastering, and describe various pointing finishes: flush pointing, struck pointing, vee pointing, and keyed pointing.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2075 Bhadra
#10Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Building Components and services
Explain painting, varnishing, and distempering on timber, steel, and masonry surfaces. Describe common painting defects: blistering, peeling, chalking, crawling, and efflorescence.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2078 Chaitra
#11Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Building Components and services
Explain electrical services and HVAC layout requirements in modern commercial buildings. What considerations are necessary for cable ducting, distribution panels, and earthing/lightning protection?
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra
Special Works on Building
4 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Special Works on Building
Describe temporary supporting structures: compare Scaffolding (bricklayer's and mason's), Shoring (raking, flying, and dead/needle shores), and Underpinning with neat sketches and application scenarios.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2079 Ashwin2078 Chaitra2075 Bhadra
#2Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Special Works on Building
What are the essential requirements of good formwork for RCC construction? Explain the correct sequence of formwork stripping (striking) and factors affecting stripping duration. Describe formwork for RCC walls and columns.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2082 Kartik2080 Chaitra2078 Poush2076 Bhadra
#3Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Special Works on Building
Explain the primary causes of structural and non-structural cracks in buildings. Describe methods of crack repair, retrofitting techniques, and configuration-related factors for seismic safety of existing buildings.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2082 Kartik2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra
#4Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Special Works on Building
What is shoring? Differentiate between raking shores, flying shores, and dead shores with neat sketches. State the conditions under which each type of shoring is deployed.
Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2079 Baishakh2077 Magh2075 Chaitra
Sustainable Building
2 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Sustainable Building
Explain the concept, principles, and rating systems (such as GRIHA and LEED) for Green and Sustainable Buildings. Explain components of rooftop rainwater harvesting systems and passive solar design concepts for heating and cooling.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Ashwin2076 Baisakh
#2Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Sustainable Building
Explain passive solar architectural concepts for heating and cooling of buildings in Nepal (direct gain, Trombe wall, sunspace, thermal mass, shading devices, and stack ventilation).
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2076 Bhadra2074 Chaitra
Chapter-wise Units & Micro-Syllabus Topics (6 Units)
1. Introduction
1.1Built environment
1.2History of building technology and Nepalese buildings
1.3Classification of building based on occupancy, storey and height
1.4Loads on building
2. Functional Requirement of Building
2.1Orientation and planning of building (factors and site selection)
2.2Lighting and thermal performance (daylight, artificial lighting, heat phenomena, thermal comfort and thermal performance)
2.3Ventilation and air conditioning (functional requirement, natural and mechanical ventilation, air conditioning)
2.4Sound and acoustic (characteristics, types, common defect)
3. Sub-structure and Superstructure Works
3.1Sub-structure (Site exploration; foundation and its types; excavation of foundation on soft soil, hard rock, wetland and sloppy land; trenches for pipes and refiling works)
3.2Load bearing structure
3.2.1Stone masonry (Rubble and ashlar); composite, hollow block, autoclaved aerated cement block and compressed stabilized earthen block masonry; cavity wall; concrete 3D printing
3.2.2Wall finishes (Tools, methods and defects in plastering; pointing types; painting on wooden, metal and masonry surface)
3.3Frame Structure
3.3.1Reinforced cement concrete structure (Precast and cast-in-situ construction; formwork for wall, slab, staircase, beam and column; slip formwork; timbering for trenches; partition and parapet wall)
3.3.2Steel Construction (Advantage and disadvantage, steel section, bolted and welded connection)
3.3.3Joint types (expansion, construction and seismic); location and sealing of joint
4. Building Components and services
4.1Doors and windows (Location, shape, size, terminology and fixing process; types based on shutter and working mechanism; ventilators)
4.2Horizontal and vertical circulation (Corridors; ladder and its types; stair types and planning; lift and escalator; ramps)
4.3Flooring (Solid and suspended floor; flooring types)
4.4Roof (Terminology; types of pitched roof; roof covering)
4.5Building services
4.5.1Plumbing (water distribution system, sanitary fittings, septic tank and soak pit)
4.5.2Electrification (wiring systems, lightening arrester and safety precaution)
5. Special Works on Building
5.1Shoring, scaffolding and underpinning
5.2Fire Protection (Fire resistant walls and columns, floors and roof, openings; fire extinguishing equipment)
5.3Moisture movement, damp proofing methods and materials
5.4Termite types and anti-termite treatment process
5.5Thermal insulation (Insulating material; insulation of roofs, exposed walls, door and windows)
5.6Sound insulation (Sound absorption and absorbents; insulating material; wall and floor insulation)
5.7Seismic safety requirements (Building configuration; size and location of openings; earthquake resisting elements)
5.8Repair and restrengthening (Structural and non-structural cracks; repair of cracks; retrofitting techniques for masonry and reinforced cement concrete structures)
5.9Demolition of structures (steps before demolition and methods)
6. Sustainable Building
6.1Concept and principles; rating system
6.2Sustainable building construction methods (techniques and strategies)
Examination Scheme & Marks Distribution
Evaluation Structure
Final Board Theory Exam: 60 Marks (Pass mark: 24)
Internal Assessment: 40 Marks (Pass mark: 16)
Practical / Lab Exam: 25 or 50 Marks (Continuous lab evaluation + viva, where applicable)
* This is the general current IOE 60/40 scheme; verify course-specific details in the syllabus above.
Exam Preparation Guidelines
Review the 3 available past examination papers to identify recurring patterns, core problem types, and chapter weightage.
Cross-reference key answers with official syllabus units, standard textbooks, and lecture notes.
Structure answers with labeled diagrams, concise bullet points, and highlight final answers in numerical solutions.
Frequently Asked Questions (Building Technology)
Q: How can I download Building Technology past question papers?
You can preview or download the Building Technology question papers (PDF) directly using the built-in viewer on this page with zero redirects or paywalls.
Q: What is the pass mark for Building Technology?
The general current scheme is a 60-mark final theory exam and a 40-mark internal assessment, with pass marks of 24 and 16. Verify the course-specific syllabus above.
Q: Where can I find the complete syllabus for this subject?
The available chapter-wise syllabus and topic breakdown is indexed in the Syllabus section above, with links to the curriculum PDF source.