Q1[3 Marks]Introduction
What are the factors to be considered while interfacing with microprocessor? Illustrate closed loop system with real-life example.
ENEX 252Bachelor in Electronics, Communication and Information Engineering · Semester 42 Papers Available
Instrumentation
Past examination question papers and complete curriculum syllabus for Instrumentation (ENEX 252), Bachelor in Electronics, Communication and Information Engineering Semester 4 under Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University.
Sem 4 Subjects (6)View Full Semester Overview →
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Year-wise & Session-wise Exam Papers
Complete questions from each exam session (Regular & Back exams from 2082 to 2069) for Instrumentation. Click any session paper to expand.
Showing 453 questions across 39 exam session papers
Institute of Engineering • 2083 Baishakh Board Examination
Q2[4 Marks]Theory of Measurement
(a) Define sensitivity with example. [2]
(b) Derive the expression for resistance using the ammeter-voltmeter method. Interpret the results of the ammeter-voltmeter method for measuring medium resistance. Discuss the impact of the internal resistance of the ammeter and voltmeter on the measured value of resistance.
Q3[3 Marks]Interfacing of Instrumentation System
What are the factor consideration while selecting a processor?
Q4[5 Marks]Interfacing of Instrumentation System📐 Diagram in Paper
(a) What are the operation modes of 8255? Explain their format with suitable example. [1+4]
(b) Explain the internal architecture of STM32 Cortex M4 single core processor. [5]
(c) Explain interfacing of DC motor with AT Mega 328P microcontroller along with its circuit diagram and program.
Q5[3 Marks]Interfacing of Instrumentation System
(a) List out some of the necessary condition for MODE 2 operation in 8255A PPI. [3]
(b) The 8255A PPI is used interfaced with 8085 microprocessor using I/O mapped I/O at base address 80H. Port A and Port C upper are interfaced with DIP switches and Port B and Port C lower are interfaced with LEDs with common cathode connections.
(i) Find port addresses captured by 8255A PPI. [1]
(ii) Draw the minimum interfacing circuit. [3]
(iii) Determine the control word to initialize 8255A PPI. [1]
(iv) Write a program to read values from port A and port C upper and display those values in port B and port C lower respectively.
Q6[4 Marks]Interfacing of Instrumentation System
Draw the interfacing circuit to interface 8-bit DAC with microprocessor using 8255A PPI at base address 80H. Also, write a program for the 8085 microprocessors to generate a triangular wave signal at the output of DAC.
Q7[2 Marks]Connectivity Technology in Instrumentation System
What are the major considerations while choosing right connectivity in instrumentation system? Explain SPI protocol with communication design of master slave configuration.
Q8[5 Marks]Connectivity Technology in Instrumentation System
Draw the block diagram of data logger that can be used to record the hourly temperature at Dharahara, Kathmandu.
Q9[1 Marks]Circuit Design
Write about the factors we should consider while doing component placement. Explain with relevant diagram how inductive noise coupling mechanism can be minimized.
Q10[2 Marks]Circuit Design
Define ground loop in grounding system. How multipoint grounding technique is implemented, illustrate?
Q11[3 Marks]Software for Instrumentation Application
Briefly explain importance of Coupling mechanism in software engineering. Define the terms verification and validation. Explain the good programming practices in detail.
Q12[3 Marks]Latest Trends
Explain the importance of cloud in instrumentation system.
Q13[3 Marks]Latest Trends
Why are autonomous systems considered more efficient than traditional manual systems in industrial operations? Explain its technical view.
Q14[6 Marks]Transducer
Explain the working principle of induction type motor with derivation.
Q15[2 Marks]Connectivity Technology in Instrumentation System
Draw the frame format of SDU in serial data transmission system. Suppose the original data is 11100 and divisor is 1001. Now calculate the transmitted message using CRC.
Q16[4 Marks]Transducer
Explain RAID 5 system with its advantage and disadvantage.
Q17[4 Marks]Transducer
(a) A rotary potentiometer has a total resistance of total angular displacement of . If the wiper is at and applied voltage is is the resistance between the wiper and the starting end? Also find output voltage. [4]
(b) Define a chemical sensor and describe its simple working principle with example.
Q18[3 Marks]Software for Instrumentation Application
(a) Draw and list out the steps for prototype SDLC. [3]
(b) Define coupling and cohesion concepts in software engineering.
Q19[4 Marks]Application of Modern Instrumentation System
Differentiate between RS-232C, RS432A and RS422A.
Q20[4 Marks]Circuit Design
Explain the general to specific approaches of establishing requirements for circuit design? How dissimilar redundant architecture helps in fault tolerant system?
Q21[3 Marks]Circuit Design
Explain pros and cons of using Vero Board for circuit prototype design. Explain the solution of trace impedance's problem in circuit layout.
Q22[4 Marks]Application of Modern Instrumentation System
With reference to your case study, explain the working mechanism of the existing system using a clear and relevant diagram including its limitations observed in the current system. Propose effective solutions to overcome these limitations with recommended design utilizing a microcontroller or microprocessor, and perform a cost-benefit analysis of the proposed system.
Curriculum Syllabus & Course Topics
Sourced from TU curriculum portalChapter-wise Units & Micro-Syllabus Topics (10 Units)
1. Introduction
- 1.1Analog and digital instrument: Definition, block diagram, characteristics
- 1.2Microprocessor-based systems: Open vs closed loop, benefits, features and applications in instrumentation design
- 1.3Microcomputer on instrumentation design
2. Theory of Measurement
- 2.1Static performance parameters: Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution and linearity
- 2.2Dynamic performance parameters: Response time, frequency response and bandwidth
- 2.3Error in measurement
- 2.4Statistical analysis of error in measurement
- 2.5Measurement of resistance (Low, medium and high)
- 2.6DC / AC bridge (Wheatstone bridge, Maxwell’s bridge, Schering bridge)
3. Transducer
- 3.1Transducer, workflow of a transducer in typical system, transducer classification
- 3.2Sensor and its working principle (Resistive, capacitive and piezoelectric), generation of sensor, classification of sensor (Analog sensor, digital sensor)
- 3.3Types of sensors (Electrical sensor, chemical sensor, biological sensor, acoustic sensor, optical sensor and other motion sensor), characteristic of sensors
- 3.4Actuator, classification of actuators (Hydraulic, pneumatic, electric and mechanical), characteristic of actuator
4. Interfacing of Instrumentation System
- 4.1Microprocessor and microcontroller and their selection criteria, and applications
- 4.2The PPI 8255 and interfacing of peripherals (LED, 7 segment, dip switch, 8- bit ADC, 8/10-bit DAC using mode 0 and mode1) with 8085 microprocessor
- 4.3Microcontrollers (Atmega328, STM32): Architecture, pin configuration, and their application
- 4.4Sensor/Actuator interfacing with Atmega328P (Arduino): Analog and digital sensors, implementation of communication protocols, interrupt based interfacing
5. Connectivity Technology in Instrumentation System
- 5.1Wired and wireless communication system
- 5.2Wired connectivity: UART, I2C, SPI, CAN
- 5.3Wireless sensor network and its technology
- 5.4RF modem, Bluetooth, WI-FI, NFC, ZIGBEE and LORA
- 5.5Thermal management: Heat dissipation technique, heat sink
- 5.6Data acquisition system (Data loggers, data archiving and storage), cloud based data acquisition system
6. Circuit Design
- 6.1Converting requirement into design, reliability and fault tolerance
- 6.2High-speed design: Bandwidth, decoupling, crosstalk, impedance matching
- 6.3PCB design: Component placement, trace routing, signal integrity, and ground loops
- 6.4Noise and noise coupling mechanism, noise prevention, filtering, ferrite beads, decoupling capacitors, and ESD & its prevention
7. Software for Instrumentation Application
- 7.1Overview of software engineering
- 7.2Types of software
- 7.3Software development life cycle (SDLC), software process models (Waterfall model, prototype model, incremental model, agile model)
- 7.4Software reliability vs hardware reliability
- 7.5Software bugs, software testing, different levels of testing
8. Electrical Equipment
- 8.1Voltmeter and ammeter: Types and working principle
- 8.2Energy meter: Types and working principle
- 8.3Frequency meter: Types and working principle
- 8.4Wattmeter: Types and working principle
9. Latest Trends
- 9.1Internet of things (IoT): Simple architecture, characteristics, advantages
- 9.2Smart sensors
- 9.3Important of cloud computing in instrumentation system
- 9.4Instrumentation in industry 4.0/5.0
10. Application of Modern Instrumentation System
- 10.1Instrumentation for power station including all electrical and non-electrical parameters
- 10.2Instrumentation for wire and cable manufacturing and bottling plant
- 10.3Instrumentations for a beverage manufacturing and bottling plant
- 10.4Instrumentations required for a biomedical application such as a medical clinic or hospital
- 10.5Instrumentation system design using a processor (Microprocessor, microcontroller or others)
Examination Scheme & Marks Distribution
Evaluation Structure
- Final Board Theory Exam: 60 Marks (Pass mark: 24)
- Internal Assessment: 40 Marks (Pass mark: 16)
- Practical / Lab Exam: 25 or 50 Marks (Continuous lab evaluation + viva, where applicable)
* This is the general current IOE 60/40 scheme; verify course-specific details in the syllabus above.
Exam Preparation Guidelines
- Review the 2 available past examination papers to identify recurring patterns, core problem types, and chapter weightage.
- Cross-reference key answers with official syllabus units, standard textbooks, and lecture notes.
- Structure answers with labeled diagrams, concise bullet points, and highlight final answers in numerical solutions.
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Curriculum Syllabus & Marking Scheme