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ENCT 254Bachelor in Computer Engineering · Semester 43 Papers Available

Operating System

Past examination question papers and complete curriculum syllabus for Operating System (ENCT 254), Bachelor in Computer Engineering Semester 4 under Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University.

Sem 4 Subjects (6)View Full Semester Overview →
ENSH 252Numerical MethodsENEX 252InstrumentationENEX 254ElectromagneticsENCT 252Data Structure and AlgorithmENCT 253Data CommunicationENCT 254Operating System
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Past Question Papers (PDF)

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4th-sem_Operating System.pdf

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Most Frequently Asked Questions

Top recurring IOE board exam questions for Operating System with verified mark schemes, formula notation, and recurrence frequency.

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Year-wise & Session-wise Exam Papers

Complete questions from each exam session (Regular & Back exams from 2082 to 2069) for Operating System. Click any session paper to expand.

Showing 245 questions across 20 exam session papers
Institute of Engineering • 2083 Baishakh Board Examination
Q1[2 Marks]Introduction
Difference between UEFI and Legacy Boot. How does operating system act as intermediary between user applications and hardware components? Explain.
Q2[5 Marks]I/O and Memory Management
(a) Explain how Atomic Writes helps to achieve the concept of stable storage. A SATA HDD, with capacity of 1 Tera Bytes costs NPR. 5,700 and A SATA SSD with capacity of 256 Giga Bytes cost NPR. 7,500. Now, calculate the cost of storing a file with capacity of 100 Mega Bytes on each device. Which device is cost efficient and by how much? Explain. [2+4] (b) Given references to the following pages by a program 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 5, 2, 1, 6, 2, 5, 6, 3, 1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 4,
Q3[5 Marks]I/O and Memory Management
How many page faults will occur if the program has three-page frames available to it and use LRU, FIFO and Optimal page replacement algorithm?
Q4[3 Marks]File Systems
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a contiguous file allocation scheme.
Q5[4 Marks]Security and System Administration
Explain private and public key cryptography with examples.
Q6[4 Marks]Hypervisors and Virtual Systems
Explain how Dockers and Kubernetes are used for containerization?
Q7[8 Marks]Hypervisors and Virtual Systems
Write short notes on: (Any Two) [2x3] (a) Type 1 hypervisor (b) Secure Boot (c) Sandboxing (d) PowerShell
Q8[3 Marks]Overview of Contemporary OS
State one real world application or device where your studied OS is used, and justify that why it is suitable for that environment.

Curriculum Syllabus & Course Topics

Sourced from TU curriculum portal
Full Syllabus (PDF)
Chapter-wise Units & Micro-Syllabus Topics (8 Units)

  1. 1. Introduction

    • 1.1Introduction to operating systems
    • 1.2OS as an extended machine and resource manager
    • 1.3History of operating system
    • 1.4Type of operating system: Mainframe, server, personal, smartphone and handheld, IOT and embedded, real-time, smart-card
    • 1.5Operating system components: Kernel, shell, utilities, applications
    • 1.6Types of OS kernel: Monolithic, micro, nano, layered, hybrid, exo-kernel
    • 1.7System calls, shell commands, shell programming
    • 1.8POSIX standard
    • 1.9Bootloader, MBR/GPT, UEFI and legacy boot

  2. 2. Process Management

    • 2.1Process description, states and control
    • 2.2Scheduling algorithms
    • 2.2.1First Come First Serve (FCFS)
    • 2.2.2Shortest Job First (SJF)
    • 2.2.3Shortest Remaining Time(SRT)
    • 2.2.4Round Robin (RR)
    • 2.2.5Highest Response Ratio Next (HRNN)
    • 2.2.6Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS) used in Linux
    • 2.3Threads and thread scheduling

  3. 3. Process Communication and Synchronization

    • 3.1Principles of concurrency, race condition, critical region
    • 3.2Mutual exclusion, semaphores, and mutex
    • 3.3Message passing and monitors
    • 3.4Classical problems of synchronization: Readers-writers problem, producer- consumer problem, dining philosopher problem
    • 3.5Deadlock: Prevention, ignorance, avoidance, detection and recovery

  4. 4. I/O and Memory Management

    • 4.1I/O management
    • 4.1.1Principles of I/O hardware and software
    • 4.1.2I/O software layer
    • 4.1.3Disk technologies: Magnetic disk, SSD, NVMe storage
    • 4.1.4RAID
    • 4.1.5Concept of stable storage, cost per bit comparison
    • 4.2Memory Management
    • 4.2.1Memory address, swapping and managing free memory space
    • 4.2.2Virtual memory management, paging, segmentation
    • 4.2.3Page replacement algorithms (FIFO, LRU, LFU), page fault and hit ratio
    • 4.2.4Allocation of frames
    • 4.2.5Thrashing

  5. 5. File Systems

    • 5.1File concepts: Name, structure, types, access, attributes, operations
    • 5.2Directory structures: Paths and hierarchies (Linux/Windows)
    • 5.3File system implementation: Inodes, allocation methods (Contiguous, linked, indexed)
    • 5.4File system performance: Factors affecting efficiency
    • 5.5Example file systems: NTFS, EXT4, FAT32, NFS

  6. 6. Security and System Administration

    • 6.1OS security: Cryptography, multi-factor authentication (MFA), secure boot and sandboxing
    • 6.2Access control: Policies, lists, and OS support
    • 6.3System administration: User management, environment setup and tools (AWK, shell scripts, make)

  7. 7. Hypervisors and Virtual Systems

    • 7.1Hypervisors: Type 1 and type 2
    • 7.2Virtual machines: Creating virtual machine in Qemu/Virtual box/VMWare
    • 7.3Container virtualization: Docker and Kubernetes
    • 7.4Power shell and windows subsystem for LINUX (WSL)
    • 7.5Performance optimization and security in virtualized environments

  8. 8. Overview of Contemporary OS

    • 8.1Windows and Linux-based OS
    • 8.2Embedded and mobile OS
    • 8.3IoT and RT operating system
    • 8.4Robot and smart card operating system

Examination Scheme & Marks Distribution

Evaluation Structure

  • Final Board Theory Exam: 60 Marks (Pass mark: 24)
  • Internal Assessment: 40 Marks (Pass mark: 16)
  • Practical / Lab Exam: 25 or 50 Marks (Continuous lab evaluation + viva, where applicable)

* This is the general current IOE 60/40 scheme; verify course-specific details in the syllabus above.

Exam Preparation Guidelines

  • Review the 3 available past examination papers to identify recurring patterns, core problem types, and chapter weightage.
  • Cross-reference key answers with official syllabus units, standard textbooks, and lecture notes.
  • Structure answers with labeled diagrams, concise bullet points, and highlight final answers in numerical solutions.
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Curriculum Syllabus & Marking Scheme