ENCE 306Bachelor in Civil Engineering · Semester 52 Papers Available

Engineering Hydrology

Past examination question papers and complete curriculum syllabus for Engineering Hydrology (ENCE 306), Bachelor in Civil Engineering Semester 5 under Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University.

Sem 5 Subjects (7)View Full Semester Overview →

ENCE 301Design of Timber and Masonry Structures ENCE 302Foundation Engineering ENCE 303Design of Steel Structures ENCE 304Transportation Engineering I ENCE 305Sanitary Engineering ENCE 306Engineering Hydrology ENCE 307Engineering Economics

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Most Frequently Asked Questions

Top recurring IOE board exam questions for Engineering Hydrology with verified mark schemes, formula notation, and recurrence frequency.

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7 Chapters · Click any chapter to expand

Year-wise & Session-wise Exam Papers

Complete questions from each exam session (Regular & Back exams from 2082 to 2069) for Engineering Hydrology. Click any session paper to expand.

Showing 119 questions across 21 exam session papers

Institute of Engineering • 2083 Baishakh Board Examination

Q1[3 Marks]Abstractions from Precipitation (Hydrological Losses)

(a) The infiltration rates observed during a test on a double ring infiltrometer are as given below. Determine the constant

f_{0}, f_{c}

and

K

of the Horton's equation which fits the above data. [10]

T (hrs)	0.04	0.13	0.33	0.75	1.50	2.50	3.50	4.50	5.50
f (cm/hr)	0.78	0.75	0.66	0.54	0.37	0.26	0.22	0.22	0.21

b) Briefly describe the methodology of estimating evapotranspiration using Penman's equation and Lysimeter method.

Q2[11 Marks]Hydrograph Analysis

(a) Differentiate between baseflow and direct runoff. What are limitations of unit hydrograph? [3+2] (b) The ordinates of a 3 hr unit hydrograph of a catchment is given below [10]

T (hr)	0	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36	39	42
3 hr UH ordinates ( $m^{3} / s$ )	0	25	50	85	125	160	185	160	110	60	36	25	16	8	0

Derive the flood hydrograph in the catchment due to the storm given below.

Time from start of storm (hr)	0	3	6	9
Accumulated rainfall (cm)	0	4	12	17

The storm loss rate

Φ - in d e x

for catchment is estimated as

0.25 cm/hr

. The baseflow can be

15 m^{3} /s

at the beginning and increases by

2.0 m^{3} /s

for every 12 hours till the end of the direct-runoff hydrograph.

Q3[4 Marks]Flood Hydrology

(a) For the river estimate the peak flood for 500 years return period if the 100 years and 50 years return period flood was

1020 m^{3} /s

and

850 m^{3} /s

respectively using Gumble's method having large sample data. [6] (b) A catchment of

85 ha

has slope of

0.006

and the maximum length of water travel

950 m, i f

the maximum depth of rainfall with 25 year return period has following data. Calculate the peak flow for 25 years return period using rational method taking runoff coefficient of

0.3

. [6]

Duration (minute)	5	10	20	30
Depth of rainfall (mm)	17	26	40	50

c) An analysis of

a^{n}

annual flood series covering the period 1920 to 2020 (100 years) on a certain river shows that the 100-year flood has a magnitude of

640, 000 m^{3} /s

and 2 years has magnitude of

225, 000 m^{3} /s

. Assume the annual flood fits with the Gumbel distribution. What is the probability of having

575, 000 m^{3} /s

flood or a greater flood in coming 25 years?

Curriculum Syllabus & Course Topics

Sourced from TU curriculum portal

Full Syllabus (PDF)Micro Syllabus (PDF)

Chapter-wise Units & Micro-Syllabus Topics (8 Units)

1. Introduction
- 1.1Scope and application of engineering hydrology
- 1.2Hydrologic cycle and water balance equations
- 1.3Development of Hydro- Meteorological study and data in Nepal
- 1.4Delineation of hydrological boundary and its characterization
2. Precipitation
- 2.1Causes, forms and types of precipitation
- 2.2Rainstorm hydrology 2.2.1 Rainfall Measurement: Types, network and adequacy of rain-gauges
- 2.2.2Preparation of rainfall data: Estimation of missing rainfall data; Test for consistency of record by double mass curve
- 2.2.3Presentation of rainfall data: Mass curve; Hyetograph; Point rainfall; Moving average annual rainfall graph
- 2.2.4Cumulative distribution and probability density functions of rainfall
- 2.2.5Mean rainfall over an area: Arithmetic mean, Thiessen and Isohyets
- 2.2.6Depth duration, depth area duration and intensity duration frequency curves
- 2.2.7Frequency of rainfall; Goodness of fit test (Chi square test)
- 2.2.8Probable maximum precipitation
- 2.3Snowstorm hydrology 2.3.1 Snow climatology, snow distribution and snowpack condition
- 2.3.2Snowfall measurement: Snow depth, snow stakes and snow boards
- 2.3.3Water equivalent of snow: Snow density; snow gauges and tubes
- 2.3.4Remote sensing of snowpack; Ultrasonic snow depth sensor
- 2.3.5Snow-melting runoff process; Snowmelt-runoff modeling
- 2.3.6Changing snowpack and glaciers in a warming world
- 2.3.7Snow avalanches
3. Abstractions from Precipitation (Hydrological Losses)
- 3.1Initial losses (Interception and depression storage)
- 3.2Evaporation 3.2.1 Meteorological Parameters (Radiation, temperature, vapor pressure, humidity and wind speed)
- 3.2.2Measurement of evaporation by different types of Evaporimeters
- 3.2.3Empirical evaporation equations (Meyer’s and Rohwer’s methods)
- 3.2.4Evaporation estimation by water- budget, energy-budget and mass transfer
- 3.3Evapotranspiration 3.3.1Actual evapotranspiration and Lysimeters
- 3.3.2Potential evapotranspiration (Penman’s equation)
- 3.4Infiltration 3.4.1 Measurement of infiltration by Infiltrometers
- 3.4.2Infiltration models (Horton, Kostiakov, Phillip and Green-Ampt)
- 3.4.3Infiltration indices (Φ and W)
4. Surface Runoff
- 4.1Factors affecting runoff from a catchment
- 4.2Runoff characteristics of rivers and streams
- 4.3Rainfall runoff relations
- 4.4Monthly flows by regional formulae (MIP 1990, WECS 1990, MHSP 1997)
- 4.5Annual runoff hydrograph
- 4.6Basics of rainfall-runoff modeling
5. Streamflow Measurement
- 5.1Stream gauging (site selection for stage and flow measurements)
- 5.2Stage measurement (Staff and wire gauges; float gauge recorder; bubble gauge; radar)
- 5.3Velocity measurement techniques
- 5.4Streamflow measurement by velocity area method
- 5.5Streamflow estimation by slope area method
- 5.6Streamflow measurement through structures (Notches, weirs and flumes) 5. 7 Rating curves: Development (Permanent and shifting control); Extrapolation and application
6. Hydrograph Analysis
- 6.1Components of a storm hydrograph
- 6.2Factors affecting shape of storm hydrographs
- 6.3Separation of base flow
- 6.4Effective rainfall hyetograph and direct runoff hydrograph
- 6.5Unit hydrographs, their uses and limitations
- 6.6Derivation of unit hydrographs from isolated and complex storms
- 6.7Derivation of unit hydrographs of different durations
- 6.8Synthetic unit hydrograph (Snyder’s method)
7. Flood Hydrology
- 7.1Design flood and its frequency
- 7.2Relation of flood frequency with risk and lifespan of structure
- 7.3Design floods in gauged basins by frequency analysis 7.3.1Plotting positions and probability distributions for flood prediction
- 7.3.2Flood statistics and frequency factors
- 7.3.3Gumbel extreme value Type I distribution
- 7.3.4Log Pearson Type III distribution
- 7.3.5Log Normal distribution
- 7.3.6Goodness of fit tests
- 7.4Design floods in ungauged basins 7.4.1 Rational method using Mononobe’s equation for intensity
- 7.4.2Rainfall-Runoff methods (Snyder, BD Richard, PCJ models)
- 7.4.3Regional empirical methods (Dickens, WECS, MHSP, DHM Methods)
- 7.5Flash floods 7.5.1 Intense rainfall (Cloud outburst; stationary monsoon troughs; monsoon depressions)
- 7.5.2Geo-environmental (Glacial lake and landslide dammed outburst floods)
- 7.5.3Impact of climate change on flash floods
- 7.6Basics of flood modeling
8. Flood Routing
- 8.1Concept of reservoir and channel routing; basic equations
- 8.2Hydrologic channel routing (Prism and wedge storage)
- 8.3Muskingum equation and estimation of parameters (K and x)
- 8.4Muskingum method of channel routing (Linear reservoir)
- 8.5Clark’s method for IUH (Time area histogram)
- 20.80100

Examination Scheme & Marks Distribution

Evaluation Structure

Final Board Theory Exam: 60 Marks (Pass mark: 24)
Internal Assessment: 40 Marks (Pass mark: 16)
Practical / Lab Exam: 25 or 50 Marks (Continuous lab evaluation + viva, where applicable)

* This is the general current IOE 60/40 scheme; verify course-specific details in the syllabus above.

Exam Preparation Guidelines

Review the 2 available past examination papers to identify recurring patterns, core problem types, and chapter weightage.
Cross-reference key answers with official syllabus units, standard textbooks, and lecture notes.
Structure answers with labeled diagrams, concise bullet points, and highlight final answers in numerical solutions.

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Curriculum Syllabus & Marking Scheme

Past Question Papers (PDF)

5th-sem_Engineering Hydrology.pdf

Most Frequently Asked Questions

Introduction

Precipitation

Surface Runoff

Streamflow Measurement

Hydrograph Analysis

Flood Hydrology

Flood Routing

Year-wise & Session-wise Exam Papers

Curriculum Syllabus & Course Topics

1. Introduction

2. Precipitation

3. Abstractions from Precipitation (Hydrological Losses)

4. Surface Runoff

5. Streamflow Measurement

6. Hydrograph Analysis

7. Flood Hydrology

8. Flood Routing

Examination Scheme & Marks Distribution

Evaluation Structure

Exam Preparation Guidelines