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ENEX 415Bachelor in Electronics, Communication and Information Engineering · Semester 71 Paper Available

Wireless Communication

Past examination question papers and complete curriculum syllabus for Wireless Communication (ENEX 415), Bachelor in Electronics, Communication and Information Engineering Semester 7 under Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University.

Past Question Papers (PDF)

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Note: This question paper file (8th sem) was archived from an IOE exam session for the common Wireless Communication curriculum.

8th-sem_Wireless Communication.pdf

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Most Frequently Asked Questions

Top recurring IOE board exam questions for Wireless Communication with verified mark schemes, formula notation, and recurrence frequency.

Showing 30 of 30 top repeated questions

Cellular Concept: System Design Fundamentals

5 Questions
#1Repeated 4 Times[10 Marks]Cellular Concept: System Design Fundamentals
Explain the cellular concept and frequency reuse. Define cluster size $N = i^2 + ij + j^2$ and co-channel reuse ratio $Q = \frac{D}{R} = \sqrt{3N}$. Calculate the co-channel interference ratio ($S/I$) for a 7-cell cluster with omnidirectional versus $120^\circ$ and $60^\circ$ directional sectoring.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2078 Chaitra2076 Bhadra2071 Bhadra
#2Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Cellular Concept: System Design Fundamentals
Explain Handoff (Handover) strategies in mobile cellular systems: Hard Handoff vs Soft Handoff, Mobile-Assisted Handoff (MAHO), Delayed handoff, Queuing of handoffs, and cell dragging.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2078 Chaitra2076 Bhadra2070 Bhadra
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Cellular Concept: System Design Fundamentals
In an urban cellular system with given total bandwidth, channel bandwidth, cluster size $N = 7$, and Grade of Service (GoS = $1\%$ or $2\%$ blocking probability), use Erlang-B traffic model to compute total traffic carried and the maximum number of subscribers that can be supported.
Appeared in:2078 Chaitra2077 Chaitra2070 Bhadra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Cellular Concept: System Design Fundamentals
Explain Co-channel Interference (CCI) and Signal-to-Interference Ratio ($S/I$). Derive the relationship $S/I = \frac{(\sqrt{3N})^n}{i_0}$ for a hexagonal cellular geometry with cluster size $N$ and path loss exponent $n$. Calculate the minimum cluster size $N$ required for $S/I \ge 18\text{ dB}$ with $n=4$ and 6 first-tier co-channel cells.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2078 Chaitra
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Cellular Concept: System Design Fundamentals
Explain Channel Assignment Strategies in cellular systems: Fixed Channel Assignment (FCA) vs Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA). Describe Cell Splitting, Cell Sectoring ($120^\circ$ and $60^\circ$), and Microcell Zone concepts for network capacity expansion.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2080 Chaitra2077 Magh

Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scale Path Loss

3 Questions
#1Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scale Path Loss
Explain the Log-Distance Path Loss Model and Log-Normal Shadowing. Describe empirical outdoor propagation models: Okumura Model and Hata (COST-231) Model for urban, suburban, and rural environments.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2077 Chaitra2075 Bhadra2073 Bhadra
#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scale Path Loss
Describe the Log-Distance Path Loss Model $PL(d) = PL(d_0) + 10 n \log_{10}(d/d_0) + X_\sigma$. Explain Log-Normal Shadowing and outage probability computation using the Gaussian $Q$-function.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2080 Chaitra2077 Magh
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scale Path Loss
Explain Empirical Propagation Models for urban cellular coverage: Okumura Model and Hata Model. State the empirical formulas for path loss as functions of base station antenna height, mobile antenna height, and carrier frequency.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra

Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath

10 Questions
#1Repeated 4 Times[10 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath
What is fading? Distinguish between Large-Scale Path Loss and Small-Scale Fading. Explain the types of small-scale fading based on multipath time delay spread (Flat Fading vs Frequency Selective Fading) and Doppler spread (Fast Fading vs Slow Fading). Define Coherence Bandwidth ($B_c$) and Coherence Time ($T_c$).
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2078 Chaitra2075 Bhadra2073 Bhadra
#2Repeated 4 Times[6 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath
Distinguish between Rayleigh fading (NLOS) and Rician fading (LOS) multipath distributions. State their probability density functions and explain the significance of the Rician $K$-factor.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2078 Chaitra2071 Bhadra2070 Bhadra
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath
How does diversity improve link quality in wireless fading channels? Compare Space Diversity, Frequency Diversity, and Time Diversity. Compare combining techniques: Selection Combining (SC), Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC), and Equal Gain Combining (EGC).
Appeared in:2078 Chaitra2076 Bhadra2073 Bhadra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath
Explain Small-Scale Multipath Fading. Distinguish between Flat Fading vs Frequency Selective Fading based on multipath delay spread and coherence bandwidth ($B_c \approx \frac{1}{5\sigma_\tau}$), and Fast Fading vs Slow Fading based on Doppler spread ($B_D$) and coherence time ($T_c$).
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra
#5Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath
Derive the Doppler Shift formula $f_d = \frac{v}{\lambda}\cos\theta$. For a vehicle traveling at $108\text{ km/h}$ receiving an $1800\text{ MHz}$ GSM carrier, compute the maximum Doppler shift and the coherence time ($T_c$) of the fading wireless channel.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2080 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#6Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath
Explain Rayleigh and Rician Fading Probability Density Functions (PDF). When does a mobile propagation channel follow Rayleigh distribution versus Rician distribution with Ricean factor $K$?
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2078 Kartik
#7Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath
Explain Diversity Techniques to combat multipath fading: Space Diversity, Frequency Diversity, Time Diversity, and Polarization Diversity. Compare Combining Techniques: Selection Combining (SC), Equal Gain Combining (EGC), and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC).
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2080 Chaitra2078 Bhadra
#8Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath
Explain Adaptive Equalization in digital receivers. Compare Zero-Forcing (ZF) Equalizer with Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) Equalizer and Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) with the LMS adaptive tap update algorithm.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#9Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath
Describe Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless systems. Compare Spatial Diversity (Alamouti Space-Time Block Coding) with Spatial Multiplexing (V-BLAST) for boosting link reliability and spectral efficiency.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2080 Chaitra2077 Magh
#10Repeated 2 Times[6 Marks]Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath
Explain the working principle and block diagram of a RAKE Receiver in CDMA wideband channels. How does it resolve individual multipath echoes and perform coherent combining to combat fading?
Appeared in:2076 Bhadra2073 Bhadra

Modulation Techniques for Mobile Radio

3 Questions
#1Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Modulation Techniques for Mobile Radio
Describe Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Explain subcarrier orthogonality, IFFT/FFT modulation implementation, Cyclic Prefix (CP) insertion to eliminate ISI and ICI, and Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) challenges.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra
#2Repeated 2 Times[8 Marks]Modulation Techniques for Mobile Radio
Explain the block diagram of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmitter and receiver using IFFT/FFT. Explain how the insertion of a Cyclic Prefix (CP) eliminates Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and preserves subchannel orthogonality.
Appeared in:2079 Chaitra2071 Bhadra
#3Repeated 2 Times[8 Marks]Modulation Techniques for Mobile Radio
Explain $\pi/4$-DQPSK, MSK, and Gaussian MSK (GMSK) modulation. Why is GMSK preferred in GSM systems due to its constant envelope and compact power spectral density?
Appeared in:2076 Bhadra2070 Bhadra

Multiple Access Techniques (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA)

3 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Multiple Access Techniques (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA)
Compare FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA multiple access techniques. What is the Near-Far problem in CDMA and how does fast closed-loop power control solve it? What is self-jamming?
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2078 Chaitra2076 Bhadra2072 Ashwin2071 Bhadra
#2Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Multiple Access Techniques (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA)
Explain Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS: Fast vs Slow hopping). Define Processing Gain ($PG = \frac{BW_{ss}}{BW_{info}}$) and Jamming Margin.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2079 Chaitra2076 Bhadra2073 Bhadra
#3Repeated 2 Times[8 Marks]Multiple Access Techniques (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA)
Demonstrate the orthogonal Walsh code encoding and decoding mechanism for a multi-user CDMA system. Explain Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequences and their cross-correlation and auto-correlation properties.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2079 Chaitra

Wireless Networking and Cellular Standards (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)

6 Questions
#1Repeated 4 Times[10 Marks]Wireless Networking and Cellular Standards (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)
Draw the GSM network architecture diagram showing Mobile Station (MS), Base Station Subsystem (BSS: BTS, BSC), Network Switching Subsystem (NSS: MSC, HLR, VLR, AUC, EIR), and Operation Subsystem (OSS). Explain the GSM frame hierarchy (burst, TDMA frame, multiframe, superframe).
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2078 Chaitra2076 Bhadra2073 Bhadra
#2Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Wireless Networking and Cellular Standards (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)
Compare 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G LTE, and 5G cellular communication standards in terms of data rates, multiple access schemes, circuit vs packet switching, latency, and core network architecture.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2076 Bhadra2074 Magh2072 Ashwin
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Wireless Networking and Cellular Standards (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)
Explain the classification and operation of Traffic Channels (TCH) and Control Channels (BCH: FCCH, SCH, BCCH; CCCH: PCH, RACH, AGCH; DCCH: SDCCH, SACCH, FACCH) used in GSM.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2079 Chaitra2078 Chaitra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Wireless Networking and Cellular Standards (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)
Detail the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Architecture: Base Station Subsystem (BTS, BSC), Network Switching Subsystem (MSC, HLR, VLR, AuC, EIR), and Operation Support Subsystem (OSS). Explain the GSM frame hierarchy and authentication triplet ($RAND, SRES, K_c$).
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2078 Kartik
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Wireless Networking and Cellular Standards (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)
Describe IS-95 CDMA (cdmaOne) and WCDMA (3G UMTS). Explain Walsh codes for downlink orthogonality, PN short/long codes for cell separation, soft handoff, and RAKE receiver fingers with multipath resolving capability.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2080 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#6Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Wireless Networking and Cellular Standards (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)
Explain 4G LTE and 5G New Radio (NR) architectures. Discuss key technological evolutions: Evolved Packet System (EPS/EPC), OFDMA downlink / SC-FDMA uplink, Massive MIMO, Beamforming, and Network Slicing.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra

Curriculum Syllabus & Course Topics

Sourced from TU curriculum portal
Full Syllabus (PDF)
Chapter-wise Units & Micro-Syllabus Topics (7 Units)

  1. 1. Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems

    4

  2. 2. Cellular Concept: System Design Fundamentals

    8

  3. 3. Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scale Path Loss

    6

  4. 4. Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multipath

    8

  5. 5. Modulation Techniques for Mobile Radio

    6

  6. 6. Multiple Access Techniques (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA)

    6

  7. 7. Wireless Networking and Cellular Standards (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)

    7

Examination Scheme & Marks Distribution

Evaluation Structure

  • Final Board Theory Exam: 60 Marks (Pass mark: 24)
  • Internal Assessment: 40 Marks (Pass mark: 16)
  • Practical / Lab Exam: 25 or 50 Marks (Continuous lab evaluation + viva, where applicable)

* This is the general current IOE 60/40 scheme; verify course-specific details in the syllabus above.

Exam Preparation Guidelines

  • Review the available past examination paper to understand question styling, typical derivation topics, and marks allocation.
  • Cross-reference key answers with official syllabus units, standard textbooks, and lecture notes.
  • Structure answers with labeled diagrams, concise bullet points, and highlight final answers in numerical solutions.

Frequently Asked Questions (Wireless Communication)

Q: How can I download Wireless Communication past question papers?

You can preview or download the Wireless Communication question papers (PDF) directly using the built-in viewer on this page with zero redirects or paywalls.

Q: What is the pass mark for Wireless Communication?

The general current scheme is a 60-mark final theory exam and a 40-mark internal assessment, with pass marks of 24 and 16. Verify the course-specific syllabus above.

Q: Where can I find the complete syllabus for this subject?

The available chapter-wise syllabus and topic breakdown is indexed in the Syllabus section above, with links to the curriculum PDF source.

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