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ENEE 402Bachelor in Electrical Engineering · Semester 71 Paper Available

Transmission and Distribution

Past examination question papers and complete curriculum syllabus for Transmission and Distribution (ENEE 402), Bachelor in Electrical Engineering Semester 7 under Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University.

Past Question Papers (PDF)

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Note: This question paper file (8th sem) was archived from an IOE exam session for the common Transmission and Distribution curriculum.

8th-sem_Transmission and Distribution.pdf

IOE Past Examination Paper

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Most Frequently Asked Questions

Top recurring IOE board exam questions for Transmission and Distribution with verified mark schemes, formula notation, and recurrence frequency.

Showing 30 of 30 top repeated questions

Distribution System Layouts and Feeders

4 Questions
#1Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Distribution System Layouts and Feeders
Compare radial, ring main, and interconnected distribution systems in terms of reliability, voltage regulation, operational flexibility, and initial cost.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2079 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#2Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Distribution System Layouts and Feeders
Explain primary and secondary distribution systems. Discuss standard distribution voltages in Nepal (33 kV, 11 kV, 400 V, 230 V) and their selection criteria.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh
#3Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Distribution System Layouts and Feeders
Design considerations for urban vs rural distribution networks. Explain the advantages of Aerial Bundled Cables (ABC) over bare conductors.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Distribution System Layouts and Feeders
Explain the concept of High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) using small capacity distribution transformers. How does HVDS reduce commercial and technical losses?
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2079 Baishakh2076 Baishakh

Voltage Drop and Power Loss in Distribution Systems

5 Questions
#1Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Voltage Drop and Power Loss in Distribution Systems
Derive expressions for voltage drop and power loss in a uniformly loaded distributor fed at: (a) One end, (b) Both ends with equal voltages, (c) Both ends with unequal voltages.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2078 Chaitra
#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Voltage Drop and Power Loss in Distribution Systems
A 2-wire DC distributor AB 500 m long is fed at end A at 250 V. Concentrated loads of 50 A, 100 A, and 150 A are taken at 100 m, 250 m, and 400 m from A. The resistance of each wire is $0.05\ \Omega/\text{km}$. Calculate the voltage at each load point and at the far end B.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Chaitra
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Voltage Drop and Power Loss in Distribution Systems
Calculate voltage drop in a single-phase AC distributor with concentrated loads at lagging power factors using complex impedance notation.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#4Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Voltage Drop and Power Loss in Distribution Systems
Explain methods of voltage control in distribution systems: On-Load Tap Changing (OLTC) transformers, booster transformers, and shunt capacitor banks.
Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2075 Chaitra
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Voltage Drop and Power Loss in Distribution Systems
Derive the optimal location and size of shunt capacitors on a radial distribution feeder to maximize loss reduction.
Appeared in:2081 Baishakh2078 Chaitra2075 Bhadra

Substation Equipment and Distribution Automation

4 Questions
#1Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Substation Equipment and Distribution Automation
Describe the architecture and key components of Distribution Automation Systems (DAS): RTU, Feeder Remote Terminal Units (FRTU), automated reclosers, and sectionalizers.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2080 Chaitra2078 Bhadra
#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Substation Equipment and Distribution Automation
Explain Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration (FLISR) algorithm in automated smart distribution networks.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Baishakh2077 Magh
#3Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Substation Equipment and Distribution Automation
Describe Geographic Information System (GIS) and SCADA integration in distribution network mapping and outage management systems (OMS).
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2079 Baishakh2076 Baishakh
#4Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Substation Equipment and Distribution Automation
Explain selection criteria for auto-reclosers, load-break switches (LBS), and drop-out expulsion fuses in distribution line protection.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2075 Chaitra

High Voltage AC (HVAC) Transmission Characteristics

5 Questions
#1Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]High Voltage AC (HVAC) Transmission Characteristics
Derive expressions for surge impedance $Z_c$ and Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) of an HVAC transmission line. Explain methods to increase line power transfer capability beyond SIL.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2079 Chaitra
#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]High Voltage AC (HVAC) Transmission Characteristics
Explain the Ferranti effect in long, unloaded HVAC transmission lines. Derive the expression for receiving-end voltage rise: $V_R - V_S \approx \frac{1}{2} \omega^2 l^2 L C V_R$.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Chaitra
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]High Voltage AC (HVAC) Transmission Characteristics
Analyze bundled conductors in EHV/UHV transmission. Show that bundling decreases line inductance, increases line capacitance, and suppresses surface electric field gradient and corona.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]High Voltage AC (HVAC) Transmission Characteristics
Discuss reactive power balance and voltage profile along long transmission lines. Explain the role of series compensation (capacitors) and shunt compensation (reactors).
Appeared in:2081 Baishakh2078 Chaitra2075 Bhadra
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]High Voltage AC (HVAC) Transmission Characteristics
Explain sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) in series-compensated transmission lines and discuss countermeasures (TCSC and supplementary damping controls).
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2079 Baishakh2076 Chaitra

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Systems

6 Questions
#1Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Systems
Compare High Voltage AC (HVAC) and High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission with respect to technical performance, break-even distance, right-of-way (ROW), and economic costs.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2079 Chaitra
#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Systems
Classify HVDC links: Monopolar, Bipolar, and Homopolar links. Discuss back-to-back HVDC links for asynchronous grid interconnection (e.g. Nepal-India cross-border links).
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Systems
Analyze the 12-pulse converter circuit for Line Commutated Converter (LCC) HVDC. Derive the average DC output voltage as a function of delay angle $\alpha$ and commutation overlap angle $\mu$.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Systems
Explain the converter control characteristics of HVDC links: Constant Current (CC) control, Constant Extinction Angle (CEA) control, and voltage margin method.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2076 Baishakh
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Systems
Explain Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based HVDC technology using IGBTs. Discuss its advantages over conventional LCC-HVDC for black start and offshore wind integration.
Appeared in:2081 Baishakh2079 Baishakh2075 Bhadra
#6Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Systems
Discuss AC and DC harmonic generation in HVDC converter stations and design of tuned passive AC and DC filters.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2080 Baishakh2077 Chaitra

FACTS Controllers in Transmission Systems

6 Questions
#1Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]FACTS Controllers in Transmission Systems
Explain the concept of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). Classify FACTS controllers into series, shunt, combined, and explain their role in line loadability.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2080 Chaitra2078 Bhadra
#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]FACTS Controllers in Transmission Systems
Describe the Static VAR Compensator (SVC): Operating principle, configuration (TCR, TSC, FC), and V-I characteristics for voltage regulation.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Baishakh2077 Chaitra
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]FACTS Controllers in Transmission Systems
Explain Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). Compare STATCOM with SVC regarding footprint, low-voltage reactive power capability, and response speed.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]FACTS Controllers in Transmission Systems
Describe the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC): Modes of operation (bypassed, blocked, capacitive vernier), and its role in damping power oscillations.
Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2075 Chaitra
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]FACTS Controllers in Transmission Systems
Explain the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). Draw its schematic diagram and explain how it independently controls real power, reactive power, and bus voltage.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2080 Baishakh2077 Magh
#6Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]FACTS Controllers in Transmission Systems
Discuss the Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) and convertible static compensator concepts for multi-line transmission corridor management.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2079 Baishakh2076 Baishakh

Curriculum Syllabus & Course Topics

Sourced from TU curriculum portal
Full Syllabus (PDF)
Chapter-wise Units & Micro-Syllabus Topics (6 Units)

  1. 1. Distribution System Layouts and Feeders

    6

  2. 2. Voltage Drop and Power Loss in Distribution Systems

    8

  3. 3. Substation Equipment and Distribution Automation

    6

  4. 4. High Voltage AC (HVAC) Transmission Characteristics

    8

  5. 5. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Systems

    9

  6. 6. FACTS Controllers in Transmission Systems

    8

Examination Scheme & Marks Distribution

Evaluation Structure

  • Final Board Theory Exam: 60 Marks (Pass mark: 24)
  • Internal Assessment: 40 Marks (Pass mark: 16)
  • Practical / Lab Exam: 25 or 50 Marks (Continuous lab evaluation + viva, where applicable)

* This is the general current IOE 60/40 scheme; verify course-specific details in the syllabus above.

Exam Preparation Guidelines

  • Review the available past examination paper to understand question styling, typical derivation topics, and marks allocation.
  • Cross-reference key answers with official syllabus units, standard textbooks, and lecture notes.
  • Structure answers with labeled diagrams, concise bullet points, and highlight final answers in numerical solutions.

Frequently Asked Questions (Transmission and Distribution)

Q: How can I download Transmission and Distribution past question papers?

You can preview or download the Transmission and Distribution question papers (PDF) directly using the built-in viewer on this page with zero redirects or paywalls.

Q: What is the pass mark for Transmission and Distribution?

The general current scheme is a 60-mark final theory exam and a 40-mark internal assessment, with pass marks of 24 and 16. Verify the course-specific syllabus above.

Q: Where can I find the complete syllabus for this subject?

The available chapter-wise syllabus and topic breakdown is indexed in the Syllabus section above, with links to the curriculum PDF source.

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