Document information: This past examination paper is identified as an IOE/TU academic document and was cataloged from a public Google Drive archive. This independent website did not create the examination paper and is not affiliated with TU or IOE.
Rights holders can request correction or removal by emailing subeshgaming@gmail.com with this page URL and supporting details.
Most Frequently Asked Questions
Top recurring IOE board exam questions for Technology, Environment and Society with verified mark schemes, formula notation, and recurrence frequency.
Showing 30 of 30 top repeated questions
Technology, Environment and Society
25 Questions
#1Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Design a solar PV system to supply power for telecommunication equipment or appliances (e.g. given router of 10 W for 24 hours and four LEDs of 5 W each for 6 hours daily at 12 V DC, or constant load of 1000 W at 48 V DC). Given peak sun hours = 4.5 hours, days of autonomy = 2 days, calculate: (a) Daily load in Ah, (b) Sizing of PV array, (c) Battery sizing, (d) Size of charge controller, and (e) Draw a simplified layout of the system.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra
#2Repeated 4 Times[5 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
What are the various applications of solar technology in remote areas of Nepal? Explain how rural livelihoods can be improved in terms of the food, water, and energy nexus (including drinking water pumping and solar cooking).
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra
#3Repeated 4 Times[5 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Differentiate between climate change adaptation and climate change mitigation. Define climate change and climate variability, and list out the challenges and impacts of climate change in Nepal.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2076 Bhadra
#4Repeated 3 Times[5 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Describe the role of energy in achieving Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Define Human Development Index (HDI) along with its formulae, and explain the relationship between HDI and per capita energy consumption with a suitable diagram.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra
#5Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
How does a hydropower plant work? Draw the simplified schematic diagram of a hydroelectric power generation system showing various components. Differentiate between the mechanism of impulse and reaction turbines, and name the common turbines used in Nepal.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra
#6Repeated 3 Times[5 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Explain the working principle of PEM fuel cells with neat sketch. Can fuel cells be an alternative to battery or fossil fuel in transportation application? Differentiate between battery and fuel cell.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra
#7Repeated 3 Times[5 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Describe the fecal-oral infection transmission route with examples of primary and secondary barriers (the F-diagram: feces, fluids, fingers, flies, fields, food). Discuss preventive engineering measures to break the transmission.
Appeared in:2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2076 Bhadra
#8Repeated 3 Times[5 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Explain the causes, impacts, and mitigation measures of air and water pollution in the Kathmandu valley. Discuss key environmental issues people face and major environmental driving forces.
Appeared in:2080 Chaitra2077 Chaitra2075 Bhadra
#9Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Write short notes on hazardous impacts in engineering systems: (a) Nuclear Hazard and radioactive waste management, (b) Battery Hazard (lead-acid vs lithium-ion recycling), (c) Air emission hazards.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra
#10Repeated 3 Times[4 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Define Energy Storage. List out different forms of energy storage. Can supercapacitors complement or replace lead-acid batteries in energy storage systems? Justify your answer.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra
#11Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Classify Energy Resources into Primary, Secondary, Commercial, Non-Commercial, Renewable, and Non-Renewable sources. Analyze Nepal's current energy consumption scenario and excessive dependence on biomass and imported fossil fuels.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2078 Bhadra
#12Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Describe Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power generation. Explain the equivalent circuit of a PV cell, I-V and P-V characteristic curves, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), and components of grid-tied vs off-grid solar systems.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh
#13Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Explain Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). Derive Betz's Law proving that the maximum theoretical aerodynamic power extraction efficiency is $C_{p,max} = 16/27 \approx 59.3\%$. Compare horizontal-axis (HAWT) and vertical-axis (VAWT) wind turbines.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra
#14Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Explain Biomass Energy and Biogas technology in Nepal. Describe anaerobic digestion biochemical stages (Hydrolysis, Acidogenesis, Acetogenesis, Methanogenesis) and components of a fixed-dome Gorkha-type biogas plant.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#15Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Explain Small and Micro Hydro Power (MHP) generation. Detail run-of-river scheme layout: Diversion Weir, Intake, Desilting Basin, Headrace Canal, Forebay, Penstock Pipe, Turbine, and Tailrace. Calculate hydraulic power $P = \eta \rho g Q H$.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2078 Kartik
#16Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Explain Air Pollution sources, primary vs secondary pollutants ($PM_{2.5}, PM_{10}, SO_x, NO_x, CO, O_3$), and industrial particulate emission control equipment (Cyclone Separators, Fabric Filters/Baghouses, and Electrostatic Precipitators - ESP).
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh
#17Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Explain the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming. Describe major greenhouse gases ($CO_2, CH_4, N_2O, CFCs$), Global Warming Potential (GWP), and international climate policy mechanisms (UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol CDM, and the Paris Agreement).
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra
#18Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Explain Acid Rain formation mechanisms and impacts on aquatic ecosystems, soils, and historic buildings. Explain Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and the Montreal Protocol phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2078 Bhadra
#19Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Explain Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) according to Nepal's Environment Protection Act (EPA). Detail the EIA process: Screening, Scoping, Baseline Data Collection, Impact Prediction, Public Hearing, Mitigation Plan, and Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#20Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Define Sustainable Development. Explain the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs: SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, SDG 11 Sustainable Cities, SDG 13 Climate Action) and the Triple Bottom Line (People, Planet, Profit).
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh
#21Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Describe Solid Waste Management principles. Explain the 3R concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), sanitary landfill design with leachate collection systems, and municipal waste composting.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2078 Kartik
#22Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Explain Energy Auditing and Demand Side Management (DSM). Compare Preliminary and Detailed Energy Audits for industrial plants. Explain energy conservation opportunities in electric motors, lighting, boilers, and compressed air systems.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2078 Bhadra
#23Repeated 2 Times[4 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Explain the working principle of a Solar Cell along with its I-V and P-V characteristics curve with respect to change in solar insolation and panel temperature.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra
#24Repeated 2 Times[3 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Calculate the power output from a wind turbine. Given data: Blade length = 40 m, Wind speed = 10 m/s, Air density = 1.23 kg/m³, Power coefficient $C_p = 0.45$.
Appeared in:2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra
#25Repeated 2 Times[6 Marks]Technology, Environment and Society
Write short notes on: (a) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), (b) Energy Conservation vs Energy Efficiency, (c) Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V).
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2081 Chaitra
Ethics and Professionalism
5 Questions
#1Repeated 3 Times[4 Marks]Ethics and Professionalism
What do you mean by Appropriate Technology? List down the features of appropriate technology. Give an example of appropriate technology for cooking and energy use in the context of rural and urban areas of Nepal.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2075 Bhadra
#2Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Ethics and Professionalism
Describe the Labour-based, Environment-friendly, and Participatory (LEP) development approach with both its merits and demerits. Discuss the role of engineers as socio-technical facilitators in infrastructure development.
Appeared in:2080 Chaitra2077 Chaitra2076 Bhadra
#3Repeated 3 Times[5 Marks]Ethics and Professionalism
What do you mean by an Information Society? Differentiate it from agricultural and industrial societies, and discuss the transformation of industrial society to information society.
Appeared in:2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2076 Bhadra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Ethics and Professionalism
Explain Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Engineers established by Nepal Engineering Council (NEC). Discuss Conflict of Interest, Whistleblowing, Public Safety obligations, and Intellectual Property Rights.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra
#5Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Ethics and Professionalism
Discuss Technology and Society: Appropriate Technology transfer in developing countries, socio-economic impacts of automation and artificial intelligence, and gender equity in engineering projects.