Surveying II

Why traversing is necessary? What are the types of traverse? Explain Bowditch's rule for balancing the traverse with its assumptions.

Why vertical curves are generally used parabolic curve? The elevation and chainage of intersection point are $3267$ and $1+780$ km. A grade of $-3.5\%$ meets another grade of $0.5\%$. Field condition requires that the vertical curve should pass through a point of elevation $3268$ m at chainage $1+780$ km. Compute a suitable equal tangent vertical curve and full station elevations. Use parabolic equation. The peg interval is $30$ m.

The chainage of IP is $2+450$ km. Deflection angle is $30^{\circ }$. The curve is $3^{\circ }$ with the fixed arc length of $25$ m. The peg interval is $30$ m. Calculate the setting out table by Rankine's deflection angle method.

Based on which relationship can it be assumed that the chord length is approximately equal to the arc length of circular curve? Why transition curve is provided at the both end of circular curve?

Describe relief displacement and derive its expression in case of vertical photogrammetry.

Write short notes on: (any two) [8x2] (a) Components of GIS and applications of GIS in Civil engineering (b) Features of total station and it's operations (c) Remote sensing and it's applications

What are the uses of hydrographic surveys in civil engineering? Explain the method of echo sounding.

How is the linear method of building setting out carried out? Why gyroscope is used to locate the tunnel instead of theodolite and compass?

Discuss application of Remote Sensing in civil engineering.

Explain necessary planning that needs to be performed before traversing.

Compute a suitable equal tangent vertical curve and full station elevations. Use parabolic equation. The peg interval is $30$ m.

Explain the central alignment process of a traverse on a grid by manual plotting, using assumed values and a suitable scale of your choice.