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Surveying II

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4th-sem_Surveying II.pdf

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Most Frequently Asked Questions

Top recurring IOE board exam questions for Surveying II with verified mark schemes, formula notation, and recurrence frequency.

Showing 30 of 30 top repeated questions

Traversing and Area Calculation

2 Questions

#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Traversing and Area Calculation

Why is a traverse necessary in surveying? Explain the traverse balancing methods (Bowditch's rule and Transit rule), and explain why the coordinate method is considered so versatile for area computation.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2076 Baisakh

#2Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Traversing and Area Calculation

A closed link traverse was run between two known control stations A and F. Calculate the consecutive coordinates and independent coordinates of intermediate stations B, C, D, and E. Determine the magnitude and direction of the closing error and adjust the traverse using Bowditch's rule.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2082 Kartik2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2075 Bhadra

Indirect Leveling and Contouring

6 Questions

#1Repeated 5 Times[7 Marks]Indirect Leveling and Contouring

Draw a neat sketch of trigonometrical levelling when the base of the object is inaccessible and the instrument stations are in the same vertical plane with instrument axes at different levels. Derive the mathematical expression for the elevation of the top of the elevated object.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2076 Bhadra

#2Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Indirect Leveling and Contouring

Define contour and list the major characteristics of contours. Explain the direct and indirect methods of contour plotting and state four practical engineering uses of a contour map.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2074 Bhadra

#3Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Indirect Leveling and Contouring

Explain the principle of stadia tacheometry. Derive the distance and elevation formulae for an inclined line of sight with the staff held vertically, considering both an angle of elevation and an angle of depression.

Appeared in:2082 Kartik2080 Chaitra2076 Baisakh2073 Magh

#4Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Indirect Leveling and Contouring

Explain the methods of locating contours in the field: direct method and indirect methods (square/grid method, cross-section method, and tacheometric radial method). Compare their speed, accuracy, and field suitability.

Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2079 Chaitra

#5Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Indirect Leveling and Contouring

Explain the tangential method of tacheometry. Derive expressions for horizontal distance $D$ and vertical height $V$ when both vertical angles are angles of elevation: $D = \frac{s}{\tan \theta_1 - \tan \theta_2}$ and $V = D \tan \theta_2$.

Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh

#6Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Indirect Leveling and Contouring

Derive the stadia tacheometry formulas for horizontal distance and elevation when the line of sight is inclined upwards and the staff is held vertical: $D = k s \cos^2 \theta + C \cos \theta$ and $V = \frac{1}{2} k s \sin 2\theta + C \sin \theta$.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra

Orientation and Field Astronomy

5 Questions

#1Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Orientation and Field Astronomy

Explain the Three-Point Problem in surveying. Explain how the coordinates of an unknown instrument station P can be determined from horizontal angles measured to three known control stations A, B, and C using analytical resection.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2076 Baisakh

#2Repeated 4 Times[5 Marks]Orientation and Field Astronomy

What is field astronomy and what are its uses in civil engineering? Define the astronomical terms: Zenith, Nadir, Celestial Horizon, Hour Angle, and Declination.

Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2075 Baisakh

#3Repeated 4 Times[5 Marks]Orientation and Field Astronomy

What are the map projection systems used in Nepal? Explain the Modified Universal Transverse Mercator (MUTM) projection system used for topographical mapping and national geodetic surveys in Nepal.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2076 Baisakh2073 Bhadra

#4Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Orientation and Field Astronomy

Define astronomical terms: Celestial sphere, Zenith, Nadir, Celestial Horizon, Celestial Meridian, Declination, Hour Angle, Right Ascension, and Azimuth with a neat sketch.

Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra

#5Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Orientation and Field Astronomy

State Napier's rules of circular parts for solving right-angled spherical triangles. How is the astronomical triangle ($PZS$) solved to determine the true azimuth of a survey line from solar observations?

Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2079 Baishakh2077 Magh

Route Survey

7 Questions

#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Route Survey

Why is a transition curve provided at both ends of a circular curve? Derive the ideal equation of a transition curve (cubic parabola / spiral) and deduce the expression for the shift of a circular curve.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2075 Bhadra

#2Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Route Survey

Two straights intersect at a chainage of 2+345.00 km with a deflection angle of 42°. A circular curve of radius 350 m is to be set out using Rankine's method of tangential angles. Calculate the tangent lengths, curve length, chainages of tangent points, and prepare the setting out table for a peg interval of 20 m.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2082 Kartik2078 Chaitra2074 Bhadra

#3Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Route Survey

Derive the general equation of a vertical parabolic curve and establish the relationship between its parameters. A grade of -2.75% meets a grade of +3.50% at an intersection point. Compute the suitable equal-tangent vertical curve, find the chainage and elevation of the lowest point, and compute full station elevations.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2076 Bhadra

#4Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Route Survey

Explain the designation of curves by degree of curve ($D$) and radius ($R$). Establish the relationship between degree of curve and radius for a $20\text{ m}$ arc and a $30\text{ m}$ arc ($R = 1146/D_{20}$ and $R = 1719/D_{30}$).

Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Chaitra2079 Baishakh

#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Route Survey

Describe the methods of setting out a simple circular curve: (a) Offsets from long chord, (b) Successive bisection of arcs, (c) Offsets from tangents (radial and perpendicular), and (d) Rankine's method of tangential deflection angles.

Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Baishakh2078 Chaitra

#6Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Route Survey

What is a reverse curve and a compound curve? Where are they used in road and railway alignment? What are the engineering and safety disadvantages of reverse curves and how are they overcome?

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2076 Chaitra

#7Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Route Survey

Determine the length of a transition curve based on: (i) Rate of change of centrifugal acceleration ($C = 0.3 \text{ to } 0.8\text{ m/s}^3$), (ii) Rate of introduction of superelevation, and (iii) Empirical IRC/DoR formulas.

Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2077 Chaitra

Photogrammetry and Drone Surveying

4 Questions

#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Photogrammetry and Drone Surveying

Define relief displacement in a vertical aerial photograph and derive an expression for it. Show that relief displacement is radial from the principal point and explain how it is used to determine heights of objects.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2076 Baisakh2075 Baisakh

#2Repeated 4 Times[6 Marks]Photogrammetry and Drone Surveying

Explain the scale of a vertical aerial photograph over variable terrain. What are the key features of drones (UAVs) in civil engineering surveying and describe the Drone regulations and flight permission procedures in Nepal.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra

#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Photogrammetry and Drone Surveying

Explain stereoscopy, parallax, and the parallax equation: $p = \frac{B \cdot f}{H - h}$. How is the difference in elevation ($\Delta h$) between two points determined from stereopair parallax measurements using a parallax bar?

Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2075 Bhadra

#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Photogrammetry and Drone Surveying

What is an orthophoto and how does it differ from a conventional aerial photograph? Describe flight planning for UAV/drone photogrammetry: forward overlap, lateral overlap, Ground Sampling Distance (GSD), and Ground Control Points (GCPs).

Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2078 Chaitra

Geospatial Technologies in Civil Engineering

3 Questions

#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Geospatial Technologies in Civil Engineering

What are the segments of GPS/GNSS? Why is Differential GPS (DGPS) better for precise mapping and surveying than standalone GPS? Explain the components of GIS and applications of Remote Sensing in civil engineering.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2076 Bhadra

#2Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Geospatial Technologies in Civil Engineering

Explain the working principles, sources of errors, and accuracy of Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GNSS surveying. Compare RTK-GNSS with Post-Processed Kinematic (PPK) and static GNSS survey methods.

Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2076 Bhadra

#3Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Geospatial Technologies in Civil Engineering

Explain LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology: Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). How are point cloud data filtered into Digital Surface Models (DSM) and Digital Terrain Models (DTM)?

Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Chaitra2078 Bhadra

Hydrographic Surveying

1 Question

#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Hydrographic Surveying

What is hydrographic surveying and what are its uses in civil engineering? Explain the methods of locating soundings in a river or lake with special reference to the echo sounding method and two-theodolite intersection method.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2075 Bhadra

Specialized Civil Engineering Surveys

2 Questions

#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Specialized Civil Engineering Surveys

Explain the linear and angular methods of building layout and setting out with neat sketches. Why is a gyroscopic theodolite used for transferring azimuth into underground tunnels instead of an ordinary theodolite or magnetic compass?

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2081 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2078 Chaitra2076 Baisakh

#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Specialized Civil Engineering Surveys

Describe the surveying procedure for tunnel alignment control: transferring surface control lines underground through vertical shafts using plumb wires (Weisbach triangle method) and gyro-theodolites.

Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra