Surveying I

Distinguish between primary classification of surveying. Why in surveying, the fundamental principle of working from whole to part and never from part to whole is to be followed?

A 1.5 km long road is indicated in a map by a length of 37.5 cm. Find the scale of the plot and indicate through a sketch how a suitable scale can be constructed to read upto 1 m in the map.

What are the methods of horizontal distance measurement in sloping ground? What type of significant figures are you used in the distance measurement? A car is travelling at a speed of $60\text{ km per hour}$. A $4\text{ cm}$ long line represents the distance travelled by the car in two hours; construct a scale upto $10\text{ hours}$. The scale should be able to read the distance travelled in one minute. Show the distance $476\text{ km}$ and the distance in $4\text{ hours}$ and $4\text{ minutes}$ on map.

A 20m steel tape was standardized in catenary conditions under a pull of 10 kg and found to be 20.006m. This tape was used to measure a distance of 86m in catenary conditions at a pull of 10 kg. Supports were provided at every 10m. The weight of the tape was 30gm/m. Apply necessary tape corrections for the measured length of line.

What is the need of a reference sketch of stations? Explain by giving the sample page of a detailing field book and how offsets values are to be measured and recorded in the detailing field book?

Explain the principles of chain survey and plane table survey with supporting sketches. Also mention the suitability of these survey.

Describe the loop levelling and level circuits. What is the basic fundamental consideration in this type of surveying?

The following readings were successively taken during a levelling operation. $0.320,0.530,0.620,1.780,1.910,2.350,1.750,0.350,0.620,1.240$ and $(-)0.980\text{ m}$. The position of instrument was changed after $3^{rd},7^{th}$ and 9th reading. Draw out the form of level book and enter the above reading properly. The R.L. of 3rd point as $1500.000\text{ m}$. Calculate RL of all points by HI method and gradient between first and last point if the staff is kept constant interval at $30\text{ m}$.

The following perpendicular offset were taken from a chain line to a hedge. Find the area enclosed by the boundary, using any two method.

What is the principle of stadia method? The vertical angles to vanes fixed at $1\text{m}$ and $3\text{m}$ above the foot of the staff held vertically at a station P were -1${}^{\circ }45^{\prime }$ and +2${}^{\circ }30^{\prime }$ respectively. Find the horizontal distance and the reduced level of P if the RL of the instrument axis is $1450.00\text{ m}$.

Find the volume of filling in a length of 50m with the following data for a two level section, using the trapezoidal and prismoidal formula, where formation width = 10m, side slope 2:1, transverse slope = 8:1. The ground level at 25m interval are given below.

The formation has a downward slope of 1 in 50 with the formation level at 0 chainage being 1081.50m.