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ENME 201Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering · Semester 32 Papers Available

Fluid Mechanics

Past examination question papers and complete curriculum syllabus for Fluid Mechanics (ENME 201), Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering Semester 3 under Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University.

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Most Frequently Asked Questions

Top recurring IOE board exam questions for Fluid Mechanics with verified mark schemes, formula notation, and recurrence frequency.

Showing 30 of 30 top repeated questions

Fundamental Concepts of Fluids

3 Questions
#1Repeated 4 Times[6 Marks]Fundamental Concepts of Fluids
Define continuum with example. Explain compressibility and vapour pressure. By how much does the pressure in a cylindrical jet of water 4 mm in diameter exceed the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere if the surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m?
Appeared in:2081 Baishakh2079 Bhadra2076 Chaitra2075 Ashwin
#2Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Fundamental Concepts of Fluids
Define surface tension. Write down any two examples of the phenomenon of surface tension. What are the typical values of surface tension for the air-water interface and air-mercury interface? Derive the relationship between surface tension and pressure inside a droplet of liquid and soap bubble in excess of outside pressure.
Appeared in:2080 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2076 Ashwin2074 Chaitra
#3Repeated 4 Times[5 Marks]Fundamental Concepts of Fluids
Distinguish between the Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids with examples. Explain the boundary layer along a thin plate with a neat sketch.
Appeared in:2082 Shrawan2080 Baishakh2077 Chaitra2075 Chaitra

Fluid Statics

7 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[7 Marks]Fluid Statics
State and explain Pascal's law of pressure at a point. Define atmospheric, gauge and absolute pressure with neat graphical representation.
Appeared in:2081 Baishakh2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra2076 Chaitra2073 Ashwin
#2Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Fluid Statics
What is metacenter and metacentric height of floating body? Describe the analytical method of determining metacentric height of a floating body.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2082 Baishakh2080 Bhadra2079 Bhadra2075 Chaitra
#3Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Fluid Statics
Explain the working principle of single column manometer and inverted U-tube manometer with neat sketch and representative hydrostatic equations.
Appeared in:2082 Baishakh2081 Baishakh2078 Bhadra2074 Chaitra
#4Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Fluid Statics
Define centre of pressure. Derive an expression for total pressure and centre of pressure on an inclined submerged plane surface immersed in a liquid.
Appeared in:2082 Baishakh2079 Bhadra2076 Chaitra2075 Ashwin
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Fluid Statics
State and prove Pascal's Law of hydrostatic pressure. Derive the Hydrostatic Law $\frac{dp}{dz} = -\rho g$ and calculate total hydrostatic force and Center of Pressure ($h_{cp} = \bar{h} + \frac{I_{xx}}{\bar{h} A}$) on an inclined plane surface submerged in liquid.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Chaitra2078 Bhadra
#6Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Fluid Statics
Derive hydrostatic force components (horizontal $F_H$ and vertical $F_V$) on a curved submerged surface (e.g. radial spillway gate). Explain how the line of action of resultant force passes through the center of curvature.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh
#7Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Fluid Statics
Explain Buoyancy and Floatation. Define Metacenter and Metacentric Height ($GM = \frac{I}{V} - BG$). Derive conditions for stable, neutral, and unstable equilibrium of floating bodies.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra

Fluid Flow Kinematics

5 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[5 Marks]Fluid Flow Kinematics
Explain in brief about Lagrangian and Eulerian concept in fluid mechanics. Define streamline, streakline and pathline.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Baishakh2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra2075 Chaitra
#2Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Fluid Flow Kinematics
Define velocity potential function and stream function. Write down the properties of the stream function. Prove that the streamlines and the equipotential lines intersect each other orthogonally at all points of intersection.
Appeared in:2080 Bhadra2082 Baishakh2079 Bhadra2076 Ashwin2074 Chaitra
#3Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Fluid Flow Kinematics
In two dimensional incompressible flow, the fluid velocity components are given by u = x - 4y and v = -y - 4x. Show that velocity potential exists and determine its form. Find also the stream function.
Appeared in:2081 Baishakh2082 Baishakh2078 Bhadra2076 Chaitra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Fluid Flow Kinematics
Derive the Continuity Equation in 3D Cartesian coordinates for steady and unsteady compressible flow: $\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (\rho \vec{V}) = 0$. Simplify for steady incompressible flow $\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial w}{\partial z} = 0$.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Fluid Flow Kinematics
Define Velocity Potential Function ($\phi$) and Stream Function ($\psi$). State the Cauchy-Riemann equations relating $\phi$ and $\psi$ for 2D irrotational incompressible flow. Prove that equipotential lines and streamlines intersect orthogonally.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Chaitra2078 Kartik

Fluid Dynamics

3 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[6 Marks]Fluid Dynamics
Derive 1D (one-dimensional) Euler's equation along a streamline and also derive Bernoulli's equation from 1D Euler's equation listing all the assumptions.
Appeared in:2080 Bhadra2082 Shrawan2081 Baishakh2078 Bhadra2075 Chaitra
#2Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Fluid Dynamics
A pipe carrying water has a 30 cm × 15 cm venturimeter which is positioned inclined at 30° to the horizontal. The flow is upwards. The converging cone is 45 cm in length and the Cd of the meter is 0.98. A differential U-tube manometer with mercury as indicating fluid is connected to the inlet and to the throat and shows a differential column height of 30 cm. (a) Calculate the discharge in the pipe. (b) If the pressure in the inlet section is 50 kPa, determine the pressure at the throat. (c) Find the head loss in the converging section of the venturimeter.
Appeared in:2081 Baishakh2080 Baishakh2077 Chaitra2074 Chaitra
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Fluid Dynamics
Derive Euler's Equation of Motion along a streamline $\frac{dp}{\rho} + v dv + g dz = 0$. Integrate to derive Bernoulli's Equation $\frac{p}{\rho g} + \frac{v^2}{2g} + z = \text{constant}$ and state all underlying assumptions.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh

Application of Energy and Momentum Equation

5 Questions
#1Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Application of Energy and Momentum Equation
State impulse-momentum principle. A jet of water flows smoothly on to a stationary curved vane which turns it through 60°. The initial jet is 50 mm in diameter and the velocity, which is uniform, is 36 m/s. As a result of friction, the velocity of the water leaving the surface is 30 m/s. Neglecting gravity effects, calculate the hydrodynamic force on the vane.
Appeared in:2081 Baishakh2083 Baishakh2079 Bhadra2076 Ashwin
#2Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Application of Energy and Momentum Equation
Water flows through a rectangular channel 1 m wide and 0.5 m deep and then over a Cipolletti weir of crest length 60 cm. If the water level in the channel is 22.5 cm above the weir crest, calculate the discharge over the weir. Take Cd = 0.6 and make correction for the velocity of approach.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2082 Baishakh2080 Bhadra2076 Chaitra
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Application of Energy and Momentum Equation
Apply Bernoulli's equation to a Venturimeter. Derive the theoretical and actual discharge formula $Q_{act} = C_d \frac{a_1 a_2}{\sqrt{a_1^2 - a_2^2}}\sqrt{2g h}$, where $h$ is differential piezometric head.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Application of Energy and Momentum Equation
Derive the Linear Momentum Equation for steady fluid flow through a control volume: $\sum \vec{F} = \rho Q (\vec{v}_2 - \vec{v}_1)$. Apply it to compute the dynamic force exerted by a fluid jet striking a stationary and moving curved symmetrical vane.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2078 Bhadra
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Application of Energy and Momentum Equation
Derive the Moment of Momentum (Angular Momentum) equation. Apply it to formulate Euler's Turbine Equation for torque $T = \rho Q (v_{w1} r_1 - v_{w2} r_2)$ and power developed by rotating hydraulic turbomachines.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Chaitra2076 Chaitra

Dimensional Analysis and Physical Modelling

2 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Dimensional Analysis and Physical Modelling
The discharge Q over a small rectangular weir is known to depend upon the head H over the weir, the weir height P, gravity g, width of the weir L, density ρ, dynamic viscosity μ and surface tension σ. Express the relationship between the variables in dimensionless form using Buckingham's π-theorem.
Appeared in:2081 Baishakh2083 Baishakh2080 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2075 Ashwin
#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Dimensional Analysis and Physical Modelling
State Buckingham's $\Pi$-Theorem for dimensional analysis. Derive the dimensionless relationship for drag force on a submerged body: $F_D = \rho v^2 L^2 \phi(Re, Fr)$. Explain Reynolds and Froude Model Laws for dynamic similitude in hydraulic models.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Chaitra2076 Chaitra

Flow Through Submerged Body and Boundary Layer Theory

5 Questions
#1Repeated 5 Times[8 Marks]Flow Through Submerged Body and Boundary Layer Theory
Define displacement thickness, momentum thickness and energy thickness for a boundary layer developed on a flat plate and derive their expressions. For the velocity distribution in laminar boundary layer given by u/U = (3/2)(y/δ) - (1/2)(y/δ)^3, find the ratio of displacement thickness to momentum thickness.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Baishakh2080 Bhadra2078 Bhadra2076 Chaitra
#2Repeated 4 Times[8 Marks]Flow Through Submerged Body and Boundary Layer Theory
Define aerofoil with accepted terminology with neat sketch. Explain the terms drag and lift with development of mathematical expressions for both forces.
Appeared in:2081 Baishakh2083 Baishakh2080 Bhadra2076 Ashwin
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Flow Through Submerged Body and Boundary Layer Theory
Explain Boundary Layer Theory on a flat plate (Prandtl's boundary layer). Define Boundary Layer Thickness ($\delta$), Displacement Thickness ($\delta^* = \int_0^\delta (1 - u/U) dy$), and Momentum Thickness ($\theta = \int_0^\delta \frac{u}{U}(1 - u/U) dy$).
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Flow Through Submerged Body and Boundary Layer Theory
Explain Boundary Layer Separation: physical causes (adverse pressure gradient $\frac{dp}{dx} > 0$), point of separation ($\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}\big|_{y=0} = 0$), wake formation, and methods to prevent separation (streamlining, suction, blowing, vortex generators).
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Chaitra2078 Kartik
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Flow Through Submerged Body and Boundary Layer Theory
Define Total Drag and Lift forces on submerged bodies: $F_D = \frac{1}{2} C_D \rho A v^2$ and $F_L = \frac{1}{2} C_L \rho A v^2$. Differentiate between Skin Friction Drag and Form (Pressure) Drag. Explain Terminal Velocity of a falling sphere using Stokes' Law $F_D = 6\pi \mu r v$.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra

Curriculum Syllabus & Course Topics

Sourced from TU curriculum portal
Full Syllabus (PDF)
Chapter-wise Units & Micro-Syllabus Topics (7 Units)

  1. 1. Fundamental Concepts of Fluids

    • 1.1Definition and characteristics of fluid, distinction between liquid and gases
    • 1.2Thermodynamic system, control volume and continuum concept
    • 1.3Basic fluid properties: Mass density, specific weight, specific gravity, cavitation, vapor pressure, surface tension, capillarity and viscosity
    • 1.4Isothermal and adiabatic compressibility
    • 1.5Liquid-vapour phase transition, Isobaric evaporation during heating, isothermal condensation during cooling, vapour pressure vs temperature.
    • 1.6Fluid pressure and types, pressure head and basic pressure laws (Pascal law, hydrostatic law)
    • 1.7Pressure measurement: Manometers (piezometer, U-tube manometer and micro manometers)

  2. 2. Fluid Statics

    • 2.1Hydrostatics forces on plane and curved surfaces; concepts
    • 2.2Hydrostatic thrusts on submerged surfaces; total pressure and centre of pressure (Plane and curve surfaces)
    • 2.3Pressure diagram (plane and curve surfaces)
    • 2.4Computation of pressure forces on gates, dams and civil hydraulic structures (Plane and curve cases)
    • 2.5Buoyancy and Archimedes principle, floatation concept
    • 2.6Condition of equilibrium: Stability of submerged and floating bodies
    • 2.7Metacenter and determination of metacentric height (Analytical and experimental method)
    • 2.8Liquid in relative equilibrium: Liquid in a container subjected to uniform acceleration in horizontal, vertical and inclined directions; uniform radial acceleration about vertical axis

  3. 3. Fluid Flow Kinematics

    • 3.1Lagrangian and Eulerian concept in fluid flow, classification of flow
    • 3.2Description of flow patterns: Streamlines, streak lines, path lines (Equations and practical examples)
    • 3.3Stream tube, stream functions and velocity potentials functions, total acceleration
    • 3.4Conservation principle of mass, continuity equation of Cartesian and polar co- ordinates
    • 3.5Discharges and mean velocity of flow

  4. 4. Fluid Dynamics

    • 4.1Various forces acting on a fluid in motion (Gravitational, pressure, viscous, turbulent, surface tension and compression)
    • 4.2Concept of Reynold and Navier-Stokes' equation of motion
    • 4.3Euler's equation of motion and its application
    • 4.4Bernoulli's equation: Concept, assumptions, application examples
    • 4.5Momentum and fluid flow, linear momentum equations for two-dimensional flow and moment of momentum equation

  5. 5. Application of Energy and Momentum Equation

    • 5.1Flow measurement devices: Venturi-meter (Horizontal, inclined and vertical), orifice meter, nozzle meter and Pitot tube (Working principal, governing equations and application examples)
    • 5.2Flow through orifices: Small orifice, large orifice, partially and totally submersed orifices (Equations and examples)
    • 5.3Hydraulic coefficients and their determinations
    • 5.4Flow over notches and weirs, discharge equations, concept of end contraction and approach velocity
    • 5.5Force exerted by jets striking a flat plate and moving (Plane and curve) vanes
    • 5.6Force exerted on pipe bends and closed conduits

  6. 6. Dimensional Analysis and Physical Modelling

    • 6.1Introduction to dimensional analysis (Physical quantity and their dimensions)
    • 6.2Methods of dimensional analysis: Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham’s π- theorem
    • 6.3Applications of dimensional analysis in fluid flow problems
    • 6.4Concept of physical modelling and its relation to dimensional analysis
    • 6.5Types of similarities
    • 6.6General model laws, application of Reynold’s and Froude’s model law in civil engineering

  7. 7. Flow Through Submerged Body and Boundary Layer Theory

    • 7.1Description of boundary layer and its thickness (Flat plate only)
    • 7.2Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate with zero pressure gradient
    • 7.3Friction drags for laminar and turbulent boundary layer, engineering examples
    • 7.4Effect of pressure gradient and flow separation concept
    • 7.5Concept of drag and lift (Types and formulas)
    • 7.6Drag on cylinder and flat plate, application in engineering

Examination Scheme & Marks Distribution

Evaluation Structure

  • Final Board Theory Exam: 60 Marks (Pass mark: 24)
  • Internal Assessment: 40 Marks (Pass mark: 16)
  • Practical / Lab Exam: 25 or 50 Marks (Continuous lab evaluation + viva, where applicable)

* This is the general current IOE 60/40 scheme; verify course-specific details in the syllabus above.

Exam Preparation Guidelines

  • Review the 2 available past examination papers to identify recurring patterns, core problem types, and chapter weightage.
  • Practice numerical problems step-by-step with clean formula derivations, clear units, and standard assumptions.
  • Structure answers with labeled diagrams, concise bullet points, and highlight final answers in numerical solutions.

Frequently Asked Questions (Fluid Mechanics)

Q: How can I download Fluid Mechanics past question papers?

You can preview or download the Fluid Mechanics question papers (PDF) directly using the built-in viewer on this page with zero redirects or paywalls.

Q: What is the pass mark for Fluid Mechanics?

The general current scheme is a 60-mark final theory exam and a 40-mark internal assessment, with pass marks of 24 and 16. Verify the course-specific syllabus above.

Q: Where can I find the complete syllabus for this subject?

The available chapter-wise syllabus and topic breakdown is indexed in the Syllabus section above, with links to the curriculum PDF source.

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