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ENEE 251Bachelor in Electrical Engineering · Semester 42 Papers Available

Power System Analysis I

Past examination question papers and complete curriculum syllabus for Power System Analysis I (ENEE 251), Bachelor in Electrical Engineering Semester 4 under Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University.

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Most Frequently Asked Questions

Top recurring IOE board exam questions for Power System Analysis I with verified mark schemes, formula notation, and recurrence frequency.

Showing 30 of 30 top repeated questions

Overhead Transmission Line Parameters (R, L, C)

4 Questions
#1Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Overhead Transmission Line Parameters (R, L, C)
Derive the loop inductance of a single-phase two-wire line considering internal flux linkage ($L_{int} = \frac{\mu_0}{8\pi}$) and external flux linkage ($L_{ext} = \frac{\mu_0}{2\pi}\ln(D/r)$): $L = \frac{\mu_0}{\pi}\left(\frac{1}{4} + \ln(D/r)\right)\text{ H/m}$.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Chaitra2079 Baishakh
#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Overhead Transmission Line Parameters (R, L, C)
Explain the concept of Self Geometric Mean Distance (Self-GMD or GMR) and Mutual GMD ($D_m$). Derive the inductance per phase of a 3-phase transposed line with equilateral and unsymmetrical spacing.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Baishakh2078 Chaitra
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Overhead Transmission Line Parameters (R, L, C)
What are bundled conductors? Why are bundled conductors used in extra-high-voltage (EHV) lines? Derive expressions for the equivalent GMR of two-conductor, three-conductor, and four-conductor bundle arrangements.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Overhead Transmission Line Parameters (R, L, C)
Derive the line-to-neutral capacitance of a 3-phase transposed overhead transmission line: $C_n = \frac{2\pi \epsilon_0}{\ln(D_{eq}/r)}\text{ F/m}$. Explain how the presence of earth affects line capacitance using the method of images.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2077 Chaitra

Performance and Modeling of Transmission Lines

7 Questions
#1Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Performance and Modeling of Transmission Lines
Classify transmission lines into Short, Medium, and Long lines based on line length and operating voltage. State the approximations made in each category.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2075 Bhadra
#2Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Performance and Modeling of Transmission Lines
Derive the $ABCD$ parameters and voltage regulation for a short transmission line. Draw its phasor diagram for lagging, unity, and leading power factor loads.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2078 Chaitra
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Performance and Modeling of Transmission Lines
Explain Nominal-T and Nominal-$\pi$ representations of medium transmission lines. Derive expressions for their $ABCD$ parameters and verify that $AD - BC = 1$.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Performance and Modeling of Transmission Lines
A 3-phase, $50\text{ Hz}, 132\text{ kV}$ transmission line is $100\text{ km}$ long. The line parameters per phase are $R = 0.15\,\Omega/\text{km}$, $L = 1.1\text{ mH/km}$, and $C = 0.009\,\mu\text{F/km}$. Using Nominal-$\pi$ method, find sending end voltage, sending end current, and efficiency when delivering $40\text{ MW}$ at $0.8$ pf lagging.
Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2079 Baishakh2077 Magh
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Performance and Modeling of Transmission Lines
Derive the wave equations for voltage and current on a long distributed transmission line: $V(x) = V_R \cosh(\gamma x) + I_R Z_c \sinh(\gamma x)$ and $I(x) = I_R \cosh(\gamma x) + \frac{V_R}{Z_c} \sinh(\gamma x)$. Define propagation constant ($\gamma = \alpha + j\beta$) and characteristic impedance ($Z_c$).
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2076 Bhadra
#6Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Performance and Modeling of Transmission Lines
Explain Ferranti effect in long unloaded or lightly loaded transmission lines. Derive the expression for voltage rise at the receiving end ($\Delta V \approx \frac{\omega^2 l^2 L C}{2} V_R$). How is Ferranti effect mitigated using shunt reactors?
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Chaitra2078 Bhadra
#7Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Performance and Modeling of Transmission Lines
Define Surge Impedance Loading (SIL = $V_{LL}^2/Z_c$) of a transmission line. What are the loading limits for short, medium, and long lines based on thermal, voltage drop, and steady-state stability limits?
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2079 Chaitra

Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines and Insulators

9 Questions
#1Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines and Insulators
Derive the sag formula for an overhead transmission line conductor supported between supports at equal levels: $S = \frac{w l^2}{8 T}$. How is sag modified when considering wind pressure ($w_w$) and ice loading ($w_i$)?
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2078 Chaitra
#2Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines and Insulators
Derive the sag and tension equations when supports are at unequal levels ($h$ height difference, $l$ span). Locate the lowest point of the conductor from the lower support ($x_1 = \frac{l}{2} - \frac{T h}{w l}$).
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2077 Chaitra
#3Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines and Insulators
Explain conductor vibration in overhead lines: Aeolian vibrations, Galloping, and Sub-conductor oscillation. Describe Stockbridge dampers and spacer dampers used to suppress these vibrations.
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#4Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines and Insulators
Describe the types of overhead line insulators: Pin type, Suspension type, Strain type, and Shackle type. Compare their construction, working voltage range, and applications.
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines and Insulators
Explain why voltage distribution across a string of suspension insulators is non-uniform due to shunt capacitance between insulator pin and tower body ($k = C_1/C$). Derive the expression for string efficiency.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh
#6Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines and Insulators
In a 3-unit suspension insulator string, the capacitance between each unit pin and earth is $15\%$ of the self-capacitance ($k = 0.15$). Find the voltage across each unit as a percentage of total voltage and calculate the string efficiency.
Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2079 Baishakh2076 Bhadra
#7Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines and Insulators
Describe methods for improving string efficiency of suspension insulators: (a) using longer cross-arms (reducing $k$), (b) grading of insulator units (capacitance grading), and (c) use of a guard/static ring.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra
#8Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines and Insulators
Explain the phenomenon of Corona in overhead transmission lines. Define Critical Disruptive Voltage ($V_d$), Visual Critical Voltage ($V_v$), and Peek's formula for corona power loss ($P = \frac{242.2}{\delta}(f+25)\sqrt{r/D}(V_{ph} - V_d)^2 \times 10^{-5}\text{ kW/km/phase}$).
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Chaitra2079 Baishakh
#9Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines and Insulators
What factors affect corona loss? Discuss the advantages (surge attenuation) and disadvantages (power loss, ozone formation, radio interference) of corona. How is corona minimized?
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2081 Baishakh2078 Chaitra

Underground Cables: Construction and Capacitance

7 Questions
#1Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Underground Cables: Construction and Capacitance
Describe the construction of underground cables with a neat cross-sectional sketch showing core, insulation, metallic sheath, bedding, armouring, and serving.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#2Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Underground Cables: Construction and Capacitance
Derive the expression for insulation resistance of a single-core cable: $R_{ins} = \frac{\rho}{2\pi l}\ln(R/r)$. Why does insulation resistance decrease with increasing cable length?
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2077 Chaitra
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Underground Cables: Construction and Capacitance
Derive the electrostatic stress distribution in the dielectric of a single-core cable: $g(x) = \frac{V}{x \ln(R/r)}$. Find the condition for minimum dielectric stress ($R/r = e \approx 2.718$).
Appeared in:2081 Chaitra2079 Chaitra2075 Bhadra
#4Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Underground Cables: Construction and Capacitance
Explain the methods of grading underground cables to achieve uniform electrostatic stress: (a) Capacitance grading (using dielectrics of different permittivity), and (b) Intersheath grading (using metallic intersheaths at intermediate potentials).
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Baishakh2078 Chaitra
#5Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Underground Cables: Construction and Capacitance
Derive the capacitance of a single-core cable ($C = \frac{2\pi \epsilon_0 \epsilon_r}{\ln(R/r)}$) and charging current. How are capacitances between core-to-core ($C_c$) and core-to-sheath ($C_s$) measured in 3-core belted cables?
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2082 Chaitra2080 Chaitra
#6Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Underground Cables: Construction and Capacitance
Compare Radial, Ring Main, and Interconnected distribution systems in terms of reliability, voltage regulation, and initial capital cost. Calculate voltage drops along a DC distributor fed at one end and both ends.
Appeared in:2081 Bhadra2079 Baishakh2077 Magh
#7Repeated 3 Times[6 Marks]Underground Cables: Construction and Capacitance
Explain Kelvin's Law for the most economical size of a conductor. State its mathematical statement and discuss its practical limitations in overhead line and cable sizing.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Baishakh2076 Bhadra

Representation of Power System Components and Per-Unit System

3 Questions
#1Repeated 4 Times[6 Marks]Representation of Power System Components and Per-Unit System
Explain the single-line diagram and impedance/reactance diagram of a power system. What are the advantages of the per-unit system in power system analysis and fault calculations?
Appeared in:2083 Baishakh2081 Bhadra2079 Chaitra2076 Chaitra
#2Repeated 4 Times[6 Marks]Representation of Power System Components and Per-Unit System
Derive the conversion formula for per-unit impedance from old base to new base: $Z_{pu}^{new} = Z_{pu}^{old} \times \left(\frac{V_{base}^{old}}{V_{base}^{new}}\right)^2 \times \left(\frac{S_{base}^{new}}{S_{base}^{old}}\right)$.
Appeared in:2082 Bhadra2080 Chaitra2077 Magh2075 Bhadra
#3Repeated 3 Times[8 Marks]Representation of Power System Components and Per-Unit System
A 3-phase, $50\text{ MVA}, 11\text{ kV}$ generator has $X'' = 0.20\text{ pu}$. It is connected through a $60\text{ MVA}, 11/132\text{ kV}$ transformer ($X = 0.10\text{ pu}$) to a $132\text{ kV}$ line of reactance $40\,\Omega$. Select base as $100\text{ MVA}, 11\text{ kV}$ at generator and draw the per-unit reactance diagram.
Appeared in:2082 Chaitra2080 Baishakh2078 Bhadra

Curriculum Syllabus & Course Topics

Sourced from TU curriculum portal
Full Syllabus (PDF)
Chapter-wise Units & Micro-Syllabus Topics (7 Units)

  1. 1. General Background and Structure of Power Systems

    4

  2. 2. Overhead Transmission Line Parameters (R, L, C)

    8

  3. 3. Performance and Modeling of Transmission Lines

    8

  4. 4. Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines and Insulators

    6

  5. 5. Underground Cables: Construction and Capacitance

    5

  6. 6. Representation of Power System Components and Per-Unit System

    6

  7. 7. Symmetrical Three-Phase Fault Analysis

    8

Examination Scheme & Marks Distribution

Evaluation Structure

  • Final Board Theory Exam: 60 Marks (Pass mark: 24)
  • Internal Assessment: 40 Marks (Pass mark: 16)
  • Practical / Lab Exam: 25 or 50 Marks (Continuous lab evaluation + viva, where applicable)

* This is the general current IOE 60/40 scheme; verify course-specific details in the syllabus above.

Exam Preparation Guidelines

  • Review the 2 available past examination papers to identify recurring patterns, core problem types, and chapter weightage.
  • Cross-reference key answers with official syllabus units, standard textbooks, and lecture notes.
  • Structure answers with labeled diagrams, concise bullet points, and highlight final answers in numerical solutions.

Frequently Asked Questions (Power System Analysis I)

Q: How can I download Power System Analysis I past question papers?

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Q: What is the pass mark for Power System Analysis I?

The general current scheme is a 60-mark final theory exam and a 40-mark internal assessment, with pass marks of 24 and 16. Verify the course-specific syllabus above.

Q: Where can I find the complete syllabus for this subject?

The available chapter-wise syllabus and topic breakdown is indexed in the Syllabus section above, with links to the curriculum PDF source.

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